Chapter 10

Question 1

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 1

Subjects behavior change because they know that they are being studied

Question 2

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 2

people must achieve basic survival needs before they can attain higher needs such as self-actualization

People can fulfill these needs from their work

Question 3

Alderfer’s ERG Theory

Answer 3

Existence: Basic needs for existing

Relatedness: Need to maintain interpersonal relations

Growth: Need for personal growth

Question 4

Herzberg’s two factor theory

Answer 4

Hygiene Factors: Survival needs (Wage, job security, safe work)
Decreases job dissatisfaction

Motivating Factors: Ego needs (Personal growth, recognition, achievement)
Increases job satisfaction

Question 5

Intrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 5

Intrinsic: Desire to accomplish goals and develop professionally

Extrinsic: Work factors such as wage and promotions

Question 6

McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory

Answer 6

Achievement: Desire for mastery

Affiliation: Desire to create and maintain relationships

Power: Desire to influence, teach, or encourage others

Question 7

Equity Theory

Answer 7

People value fairness and fairness is judged by the ratio of inputs to outputs. (Do people feel like they are accurately rewarded for their work)

Question 8

Expectancy Theory

Answer 8

People’s behavior is driven by the consequences of behaviors

Depends on
Satiation: Degree of need
Immediacy: the time between a behavior and a consequence
Size: The magnitude of the reward or punishment

Question 9

Theory X

Theory Y

Theory Z

Answer 9

Theory X: People will always try to avoid work, so employees must be closely monitored and controlled

Theory Y: Employees are motivated by higher needs of self-actualization, pay is not the only factor important to employees, and many judge their job by their work environment and it’s intangible benefits

Theory Z: Reduce employee turnover, increase commitment, and improve morale and productivity a company must do:
Job rotation -> generalist employees
Have consensus in decision-making that satisfy employee wants
Recognize employee’s personal identity and individuality

Question 10

Job Rotation

Job Enrichment

Job Enlargement

Answer 10

Job Rotation: Rotate employees to different roles and tasks so that they gain more experience and variety in their work

Job Enrichment: Create roles that are meaningful, so that work is efficient and people are satisfied with their work

Job Enlargement: Managers delegate some of their responsibilities to employees so that employees increase their scope of responsibility, to make employees feel that they are important because of their broad range of responsibilities

Question 11

Goal Setting Theory

Answer 11

Goals direct people’s effort and gives them a deadline of needed effort in their work and adapting from feedback to overcome setbacks

SMART:
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time-bound