Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 241 SOCIAL PSYCH > Chapter 10-11 Stereotyping, Prejudice, Discrimination > Flashcards

Chapter 10-11 Stereotyping, Prejudice, Discrimination Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

negative attitude toward in individual based solely on that person’s presumed membership in a particular group

A

Prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Three characteristics of prejudice (why prejudice bad):

A
  1. Judging individual negatively without considering the content of their character (actual attributes and actions)
  2. Variability within categories
  3. Leads to violence

Think: content, variability, violence (CVV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

People who hold prejudices usually justify them with ______ .

A

stereotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

overgeneralized beliefs about the traits and attributes of a particular group

A

stereotypes (not all are negative but stereotypes of out groups tend to be)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Negative behaviour toward an individual solely on the basis of membership in a particular group

A

discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Negative behaviour toward an individual solely on the basis of membership in a particular group

A

discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

negative attitude towards group vs. negative behaviour towards group (2): _________ vs. _________

assumptions (1): __________

A

Prejudice
Discrimination
Stereotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

prejudice + stereotypes = _______

A

discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

prejudice is the result of two basic human tendencies:

A
  1. Hostility when frustrated/threatened/witnessing things unjust
  2. Humans routinely categorize other people as members of social groups within milliseconds

Prejudice = hostile feelings + salient categories of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

outgroup members are _______ for us

A

salient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Negative feelings linked to an entire group of people

A

prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

frustrations people experience fuel negative feelings and actions toward outgroups (even without provoking behaviour by a member of said group)

A

displaced aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Idea that the initial negative feelings between groups are based on the real competition over scarce resources (jobs, land, water, etc)

A

realistic group conflict theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

people more likely to express prejudice towards out group when they view own group as cohesive

A

realistic group conflict theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 causes of prejudice:

A
  1. Hostile feelings linked to category
  2. in group bias (familiarity)
  3. Ethnocentrism, threat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Self-serving bias

A

if im great then my group must be great too - surely other groups aren’t as great as my group!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The theory that a large portion of our self-esteem is derived from our group memberships

A

social identity theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

liking for the in group usually stronger than disliking of outgroup

A

love prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ingroup bias serves ___________ (3)

A

self-esteem needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Scapegoating

A

Phenomenon where people who feel inferior, guilty, anxious or unsuccessful blame an outgroup for their troubles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Viewing the world through our own cultural value system and judging actions + people based on own cultural view of right/wrong

A

Ethnocentrism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The tendency to reject groups that don’t conform to one’s own view of the world - reject social policies that benefit the outgroup you think is threatening your ingroup

A

symbolic racism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

White Replacement Theory

A

white people who fear that non-Whites will take over and replace white American values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Advocates for the White Replacement theory would be considered: (2-3)

A

(Contemporary symbolic racists)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

People who are symbolic racists don’t think they are prejudiced towards outgroups, rather their negative attitude is expressed through:

A

opposition to policies that are seen as advantageous to the marginalized/out group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

People who reject social programs that rectify social inequalities are (2) _______

A

symbolic racists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Prejudice stemming from needing to sustain faith in the validity of one’s own cultural worldview so it can continue to offer psychological security in the face of personal vulnerability and mortality

A

Terror management theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the idea that other cultures threaten one’s faith which develops prejudice against out groups stems from the idea of (3)

A

terror management theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

3 Roots of prejudice:

A
  1. Hostility + categorization
  2. Ingroup bias
  3. Threats to worldview
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

People who are more prone to being prejudiced have a(n) ____________ personality

A

authoritarian personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Traits of authoritarian personalities (4):

A
  1. Uncritical acceptance of authority
  2. Preference for well-defined power arrangements/hierarchy
  3. Adherence to conventional values + moral codes
  4. Black and white thinking

Basically: accepting authority, liking hierarchy, conventional morals, black and white thinking

32
Q

The idea that the social world is inherently dangerous and maintaining security requires upholding ORDER and TRADITION

  • predicts prejudice against groups seen as socially deviant or dangerous
A

right wing authoritarianism

33
Q

Social dominance orientation, also known as as SDO is:

A

the belief that some people and groups are just better than others, so society should be structured hierarchically (some groups or individuals having higher socioeconomic status than others)

34
Q

Social Dominance Orientation and Right Wing Authoritarianism both predict:

which one predicts this more?

A

how likely a person is to be prone to being prejudiced (having an authoritarian personality)

SDO

35
Q

RWA vs. SDO

A
  • social world is dangerous - to maintain security and cohesion, get rid of deviant or “dangerous” groups
  • maintain dominance of certain groups over others (some are just better; keep it that way idea)
36
Q

Unfortunately, reports of the death of prejudice has been exaggerated - like don’t get me wrong it’s gotten better but not quite there yet

A

rip

37
Q

unfair restrictions on the opportunities of certain groups of people by institutional policies, structural power relations, and formal laws is __________ (2)

A

institutional discrimination

38
Q

Women are paid less than men but you knew that already wow

A
39
Q

Ambivalent racism

A

people embrace one belief that leads to negativity towards a group AND another that leads to more favourable views of them AT THE SAME TIME

(The idea that racism can be complicated and layered T__T)

40
Q

ambivalent racism example

A

white people believing that people will be successful if they just work harder leads to a negative view of black people, but the belief that all people should have equal opportunities leads to a positive view of black people - these views coexist

41
Q

Aversive racism

A

proposes that many white Americans have subtle, often early learned negative feelings about black people, but also support racial equality - eg: people high in aversive racism outwardly support fair treatment of black people but can discriminate against them when angry or when it won’t be as obvious - so that’s kinda fake…

42
Q

Implicit prejudice

A

unconscious negative attitudes towards group of people

43
Q

Physiological measures of bias (3):

A
  1. electrodes for micro expressions
  2. heart rate + vein & artery contraction
  3. Pronounced amygdala response
44
Q

Cognitive measures of implicit bias:

A

if you don’t like something you’ll associate it with bad things

45
Q

Cognitive schema containing knowledge about and associations with a social group

A

stereotypes

46
Q

Social learning

A

we learn from the people and media around us

47
Q

Stereotypic portrayals of gender roles shape our (2)

A

gender schemas

48
Q

Kernel of truth hypothesis

A

stereotypes may be based on actual facts, but this doesn’t necessarily say anything about the groups character

49
Q

We infer stereotypes that describe who people are from the roles we see people play - we assume people are a certain way based on what we see

A

social role theory

50
Q

2 dimensions of the stereotype content model:

A

Status - is the group perceived to have higher or lower status relative to other groups
Cooperation - is the group cooperative and helpful or harmful/competitive

51
Q

Warmth and competence are 2 dimensions of what model (2)?

A

stereotype content model

52
Q

high on warmth but low on competence elicits the emotion of:

A

pity

53
Q

high on warmth and high on competence elicits:

A

pride

54
Q

low on warmth and low on competence elicits

A

disgust

55
Q

low on warmth but high on competence elicits

A

envy and jealousy

56
Q

Illusory correlation

A

when people think two things are related but they’re not; tendency to assume association between two rare occurences

57
Q

For most people ________ members are distinctive to them, and to most people ___________ ___________ behaviours are more distinctive to them, so people tend to link these, creating a faulty perceptual bias or _________ _________.

A

out-group

socially undesirable

illusory correlation

58
Q

Why we apply stereotypes (4):

A
  1. Cognitive tools to simplify life
  2. Justify prejudice and discrimination
  3. Justify status quo
  4. Self-esteem boosters

Basically: simplify, justify (discrimination and hierarchy), self-esteem

59
Q

The idea that people endorse and freely express stereotypes in part to justify their own negative emotions towards outgroup members

A

Justification suppression moel

60
Q

Dehumanization

A

viewing outgroup members as less than human

61
Q

Reducing people to animals who do not deserve moral consideration

A

dehumanization

62
Q

Viewing people as human but jsut “less complex” humans who don’t have the same emotions like remorse, mourning, sympathy, hope, shame, etc. (well that’s fucked up)

A

infrahumanization

63
Q

Thinking of people (most commonly women) as objects rather than full humans

  • only taking their physical appearance into consideration
A

Sexual objectification

64
Q

Theory proposing that the cultural value placed on women’s appearance leads people to view women more as objects than as full human beings

A

objectification theory

Cultural value LEADS to objectification

65
Q

Dehumanization, infra-humanization, sexual objectification are all examples of ____________ used to justify prejudice and discrimination

A

stereotypes

66
Q

Ambivalent stereotypes about high status and low status people help maintain the status quo by justifying the way things are

A

System justification theory

67
Q

The pairing of hostile beliefs about women with benevolent but patronizing beliefs about them.

A

ambivalent sexism

68
Q

Grouping and identifying people by gender, age, race etc.

A

categorization

69
Q

Outgroup homogeneity effect

A

ASIANS, THEY’RE ALL THE SAME

70
Q

Using stereotypes to perceive and make judgments

A

bias

71
Q

Shooter bias

A

the tendency to assume black people are more violent

72
Q

Ultimate attribution error

A

Tendency to believe that when an out group member does something negative it’s’ reflective of their internal traits but if an ingroup member does that same bad thing it was because of external factors

  • fundamental attribution error but for groups
73
Q

Social identification used to reduce

A

uncertainty

74
Q

Categoraizaiton can be problematic because

A

overestimate between group differences

Underestimate within group differences

75
Q

________ influence how we communicate, process, interpret

A

Stereotypes

76
Q

Self-=fulfilling prophecies

A

stereotypes make us act toward outgroup members in ways that encourage the behaviour we expect

PSYCH 241 SOCIAL PSYCH (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions