chapter 10 & 11 Flashcards
normal resident microbes in our bodies interact with us as
- commensals
- mutualists
resident biota is absent from the
heart
virulence factors include
- toxins
- enzymes
- capsules
the ____ is the time that lapses between an encounter with a pathogen and the first symptoms
period of incubation
a short period early in a disease that may manifest with general malaise and achiness is the
prodrome
a ____ is a passive animal transporter of pathogens
mechanical vector
a positive antibody test for HIV would be a ____ of infection
sign
a seasonal outbreak of influenza would be an example of what type of outbreak?
propagated
define virulence factors
- structures/capabilities that allow a pathogen to cause infection in a host.
- from a microbe’s perspective, they are adaptions it uses to invade and establish itself in a host.
selective toxicity
- kill or inhibit the actions or synthesis of molecules in microorganisms but not vertebrate cells
- drugs w excellent selective toxicity block the synthesis of the bacterial cell walls (penicillins)
goal of antimicrobial chemotherAPY
-easy to administer
-toxic to infectious agent
-nontoxic to the host
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therapeutic index
the ratio of the dose of the drug that is toxic to humans compared to its minimum effective (therapeutic) dose
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
- the smallest concentration (highest dilution) of drug that visibly inhibits growth
- useful in determining the smallest effective dosage of a drug and in providing a comparative index against other antimicrobials
goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
-easy to administer
-toxic to infectious agent
-nontoxic to the host
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4 main categories of antifungal agents
1) macrolide polyenes
2) azoles
3) echinocandins
4) nucleotide cytosine analog