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Science > Chapter 10 + 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 + 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

From which direction does heat travel?

A

From region of high temp. to region of low temp

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2
Q

How is energy transffered?

A

When A is heated,
* energy in kinetic store increases
* particles move faster
* energy transfer indicated by temp.

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2
Q

What is conduction?

A

process of energy transfer through the passing on of vibrational motion from one particle to another

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3
Q

What are the two Working Principles of Conduction?

A
  1. Vibration of particles
  2. Electron Diffusion
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4
Q

How is heat conducted via vibration of particles?

both metals and non-metals

A

when A is heated.
* particles **vibrate more vigorously **about fixed position
* **colliding **with neighbouring particles
* transfer their energy to particle’s kinetic store
* neighbouring particles vibrate as well
* process repeats

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5
Q

How is conducted via electron diffusion?

only metals

A

When A is heated,
* free electrons near heat source gain energy
* move to cooler end to transfer energy those particles through collision
* particles gain energy and vibrate

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6
Q

What are the factors affercting the rate of conduction?

A
  • Good thermal conducters
  • Poor thermal conductors
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7
Q

What is convection?

A

process of energy transfer by means of convection current (only liquid and gas) due to differences in density

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8
Q

Describe how convection occurs in a liquid.

A
  • water near heat source gains heat, expand and loses density
  • less dense water rises, pushing the more dense water to the bottom
  • the more dense water will be heated, expand, lose density
  • repeats
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9
Q

What is radiation?

A

process of energy transfer by electromagnetic waves, does not require medium

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10
Q

What are the factors of radiation?

A

1) Temperature (Higher temp, better emitter of radiation)
2) Type of Surface (Rough, dark coloured, better emitter of radiation)
3) Exposed Surface area ( Larger surface area, better emitter of radiation)

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11
Q

Describe the movement of particles in a SOLID

A
  • held together by VERY strong forces of attraction
  • unable to move about freely
  • vibrate about in fixed positions
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12
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a SOLID

A
  • packed VERY closely together
  • in a fixed, regular pattern
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13
Q

Describe the movement of particles in a LIQUID

A
  • held by strong forces of attraction
  • able to slide past one another
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14
Q

Describe the arrangment of particles in a LIQUID

A
  • packed closely
  • fixed regular pattern
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15
Q

Describe the movement of particles in a GAS

A
  • held together by weak forces of attraction
  • move in random direction
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16
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a GAS

A
  • far apart from each other
  • no fixed, regular pattern
17
Q

Explain why the temperature is constant at a period time when a substance is melting

A

Temperature is constant because
* thermal energy taken in to overcome VERY STRONG forces of attraction of particles in solid state

18
Q

Explain why the temperature is constant at a period time when a substance is condensing

A

Temperature remains constant because
* particles move closer to one another
* forces of attraction become stronger

19
Q

What is Thermal Decompostion

heat only

A

process in which a substance is broken down into two or more simpler substances by effect of heat

irreversible

20
Q

What are examples of oxidation

oxygen reaction

A

combustion, rusting and cellular respiration

21
Q

What is Combustion?

A

chem. reaction of substance with O2 in presence of heat

O2 + chem A -> chem b (in presence of heat)

22
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

process in which living cells of plants and animals take in oxygen to release energy stored in glucose

(in simple terms, release of energy using oxygen in glucose)

23
Q

What is electrolysis?

A
  • chem. decompostion of substance
  • passage of electric current

electric decomposition

24
Q

What is electroplating

A
  • substances coated with metal
  • passage of an electric current
25
Q

What are the Physical Properties of acids?

A

1) sour in taste
2) turns blue litmus red
3) conducts electricity

26
Q

What are the common acids to know in lower secondary ?

A

1) hydrochloric acid, HCL
2) sulfuric acid, H2SO4
3) nitric acid, HNO3

27
Q

What are the Physical Properties of alkalines?

A

1) bitter, slippery and soapy
2) turns red litmus paper blue
3) conducts electricity

28
Q

What is the chem formula of hydrochloric acid?

A

HCL

28
Q

What are the common alkalis to know in lower secondary?

A

1) sodium hydroxide, NaOH
2) potassium hydroxide, KOH
3) ammonia, NH3
4) calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2

29
Q

What is the chem formula of sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

29
Q

What is the chem formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO3

30
Q

What is the chem formula of sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

31
Q

What is the chem formula of potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

32
Q

What is the chem formula of ammonia

A

NH3

33
Q

What is the chem formula of calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)2

34
Q

When metal comes in contact with an acid, what does it create?

A

salt + hydrogen

35
Q

What are the salts formed for each acid?

A

HCL -> chloride
H2SO4 -> sulfate
HNO3 -> nitrate

36
Q

When a carbonate reacts with an acid, what do you obtain?

A

salt + carbon dioxide + water

37
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

alkalis react with acids to form salt + water

38
Q

When an alkaline reacts with an acid, what do you obtain?

A

salt + water

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