Chapter 10 Flashcards
Because the mucosae _____, this tissue is predisposed to infection.
a. constitute thin, permeable barriers
b. secrete a continuous layer of mucus
c. generate enzymes and proteoglycans
d. are associated with secretory IgA production
e. are not connected to the lymphatics
constitute thin, permeable barriers
Identify which of the following is not a property of secreted mucins.
a. contain glycosylated cysteine residues
b. contain many repetitive sequence motifs
c. constitute a viscous matrix stabilized by disulfide bonds
d. bind to positively charged effector molecules
e. encoded by seven genes in humans
f. expressed in different mucosal tissues
contain glycosylated cysteine residues
Unlike secreted mucins, membrane mucins _____.
a. do not trap and kill nearby microorganisms
b. are not cross-linked by disulfide bonds
c. do not possess repetitive domains
d. are not glycosylated
e. are encoded by only one gene in humans
are not cross-linked by disulfide bonds
Commensal microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract facilitate all of the following except _____.
a. compete with pathogenic variants for nutrients and space
b. convert toxic substances to benign derivatives
c. degrade plant fibers to make their nutrients available
d. secrete enzymes required for protein degradation
e. synthesize essential metabolites
f. induce the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissue
secrete enzymes required for protein degradation
The large population of microbes that contribute to the gut microbiota and have an important role in food processing are called _____.
a. lamina propria
b. Peyer’s patches
c. microfold cells
d. commensal microorganisms
e. opportunists
commensal microorganisms
All of the following are part of Waldeyer’s ring except _____.
a. appendix
b. palatine tonsils
c. lingual tonsils
d. adenoids
appendix
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? (Select all that apply.)
a. appendix: large intestine
b. mesenteric lymph nodes: urogenital tract
c. effector compartment: induction of adaptive immune responses
d. adenoids: base of nose
e. villi: small intestine
f. Peyer’s patches: afferent lymphatics
b. mesenteric lymph nodes: urogenital tract
c. effector compartment: induction of adaptive immune responses
f. Peyer’s patches: afferent lymphatics
At which anatomical location are Peyer’s patches?
a. stomach
b. small intestine
c. cecum
d. large intestine
e. Waldeyer’s ring
small intestine
Laboratory animals reared in gnotobiotic conditions _____.
a. are fed probiotics to disrupt the composition of their microflora
b. lack normal gut microbiota
c. develop appendicitis
d. have larger secondary lymphoid tissues than do control animals
e. have elevated levels of SIgA in the gut lumen
lack normal gut microbiota
_____ microorganisms are microbes that colonize mucosal surfaces but under normal circumstances do not cause disease.
a. Opportunistic
b. Commensal
c. Parasitic
d. Mesenteric
e. Pathogenic
Commensal
_____ makes up the membranes of connective tissue that help to anchor the gastrointestinal tract and hold it in place.
a. The mesentery
b. Peyer’s patches
c. The lamina propria
d. The subepithelial dome
e. Waldeyer’s ring
The mesentery
Waldeyer’s ring includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Peyer’s patches
b. lingual tonsils
c. adenoids
d. mesenteric lymph nodes
e. palatine tonsils
b. lingual tonsils
c. adenoids
e. palatine tonsils
Which of the following describe M cells in the gut? (Select all that apply.)
a. They derive their name from mucus cells.
b. They are located in the dome of a Peyer’s patch.
c. They deliver antigens and pathogens from the lymphoid tissue to the luminal side of the gut mucosa by transcytosis.
d. They are protected from digestive enzymes by a thick glycocalyx and a layer of mucus.
e. They do not directly participate in antigen processing or presentation
b. They are located in the dome of a Peyer’s patch.
e. They do not directly participate in antigen processing or presentation
Mucosae of a healthy intestinal tract _____. (Select all that apply.)
a. have a large number of activated T and B cells
b. harbor T cells bearing a very wide diversity of antigen specificities
c. contain intraepithelial lymphocytes
d. have large numbers of resident neutrophils
e. are populated with both α:β and γ:δ effector T cells
a. have a large number of activated T and B cells
c. contain intraepithelial lymphocytes
e. are populated with both α:β and γ:δ effector T cells
Which of the following migrates from non-mucosal tissue to draining lymph nodes to facilitate the induction of adaptive immune responses?
a. dendritic cells
b. macrophages
c. NK cells
d. neutrophils
e. commensal microorganisms
dendritic cells
_____ assists in the differentiation of blood-derived monocytes into intestinal macrophages.
a. TGF-β
b. B7
c. IL-12
d. CXCL8
e. CD14
TGF-β
All of the following are expressed by intestinal epithelial cells except _____.
a. NOD receptors
b. FcαR
c. TLRs
d. MHC class II
e. NFκB
FcαR
M cells, unlike dendritic cells, _____.
a. do not secrete digestive enzymes into the lumen of the gut
b. are not associated with Peyer’s patches
c. do not facilitate the transport of microbes from the gut lumen to the GALT
d. do not process and present their antigen to naive T cells
do not process and present their antigen to naive T cells
The significance of MAdCAM-1 on the endothelium of blood vessels is that it binds to _____.
a. the integrin α4β7 on effector lymphocytes homing to mucosal tissues
b. B cells destined to become intraepithelial lymphocytes
c. dendritic cells, and causes the upregulation of antigen processing and presentation
d. the chemokine CCL25, which is secreted by gut epithelia
e. intestinal helminths, and mediates killing of these parasites
the integrin α4β7 on effector lymphocytes homing to mucosal tissues
In addition to M cells, _____ can capture pathogens directly from the lumen of the gut.
a. intraepithelial lymphocytes
b. plasma cells
c. Paneth cells
d. dendritic cells
e. macrophages
dendritic cells
Which of the following is not associated with the process by which B cells produce secretory IgA in breast milk?
a. J chain
b. MAdCAM-1
c. αE:β7
d. poly-Ig receptor
e. CCR9
f. transcytosis
αE:β7
Intracytoplasmic bacteria in enterocytes of the gastrointestinal tract are detected by _____.
a. poly-Ig receptor
b. major basic protein
c. MIC-A and MIC-B
d. NOD proteins
e. receptors for phosphoantigens
NOD proteins
Secretory IgA binds to pathogens in all of the following locations except the _____.
a. endosomes of an M cell
b. lamina propria
c. lumen of the gut
d. blood
e. Peyer’s patches
blood
What is the function of the TNF-family cytokine APRIL made by epithelial cells of the colon?
a. elevates rate of M-cell proliferation
b. degrades IgA1
c. mediates isotype switching from IgM to IgA2
d. binds to J chain of dimeric IgA
e. upregulates MAdCAM-1 production
mediates isotype switching from IgM to IgA2
