Chapter 1: Welcome to the body Flashcards
the study of the structure of the body is…?
Anatomy
The study of the function of the body is…?
Physiology
what is it when the body responds to a constantly changing environment and maintains stability and equilibrium?
Homeostasis
Regions of the body
Regional anatomy
visible to the naked eye
Gross or macroscopic
systems of the body
systemic anatomy
skin surface
surface anatomy
Embryology is also known as…
Developmental anatomy
Microscope; Cytology: cells and Histology: tissues
Microscopic anatomy
Atoms(chemical level), molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organs systems, and the human body
levels or structural organization
Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, and reproduction
Part in Maintaining Life
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals
nutrients
oxidative “needs oxygen” chemical reactions in body
oxygen
-makes up 60-80% of body weight
-the basis for secretions and excretions
water
-the lower the temperature it decreases metabolic reactions or vice verse
- creates air pressure on the body
temperature and atmospheric pressure
illness and disease
-may occur when positive feedback mechanisms do not
shut off
homeostatic imbalance
-Body erect
-feet slightly apart
-palms facing forward
-thumbs point away from the body
-right and left refer to the patient
anatomical positions
-explains the location of one body structure to another
-creates clarity of anatomical placement
Directional terms
toward the head end or upper part of the structure or the body; above
superior or cranial
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
Inferior or caudal
toward or at the front of the body; in front of
ventral or anterior
toward or at the back of the body; behind
dorsal or posterior
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
medial
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
lateral
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
intermediate
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
proximal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
toward or at the body surface
Superficial or external
away from the body surface; more internal
deep or internal
away from the body surface; more internal
deep or internal
- main axis
-head, neck, and trunk
axial
appendages or limbs
appendicular
what are body planes and sections?
planes used to divide the body into sections
body planes question:
what is the right and left parts of the body called?
sagittal (mid and para) plane
body planes question:
what are the anterior and posterior parts of the body called?
Frontal or coronal plane
body planes question:
whats another name for the horizontal plane?
transverse plane
what are the body cavities?
-dorsal
-cranial
-brain and CNS
-ventral
-thoracic
-viscera
-spinal
if you were in a car accident, what body cavity is generally most susceptible to injury and why?
abdominopelvic
on the cavity walls refers to…?
parietal serosa
covers the organs refers to…?
visceral serosa
lubrication secreted by serous membranes refers to…?
Serous fluid
around the heart refers to…?
pericardium
around the lungs refers to…?
pleural
around the abdominal walls refers to…?
peritoneum
below cartilage is…
hypochondriac
above the stomach is…
epigastric
low back is…
lumbar
belly button is…
umbilical
below stomach is…
hypogastric
the superior part of the hip bone is…
iliac
