Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
Adversarial System
The judicial process whereby evidence is presented by two opposing parties to an impartial judge or jury.
Assizes
Traveling courts.
Case Law
A method of deciding cases based on recorded decisions of similar cases.
Common Law
Law that developed the English courts; relies on case law and it’s common to all people; also known as English Common Law.
Circuit Judges
Judges of traveling courts.
Code of Hammurabi
One of the earliest-known sets of recorded laws, written by King Hammurabi of Babylon in the eighteenth century BCE.
Code of Li’Kvei
A set of Chinese laws written around 350 BCE.
Codified
arranged and recorded systematically.
Divine Rgith
the idea that monarchs and their successors derived their own power to rule from God and that they were accountable only to God.
Great Laws of Manu
Laws complied in India between 1280 and 880 BCE, previously transferred through oral tradition.
Habeas Corpus
A court order designed to prevent unlawful arrest by ensuring that anyone detained is brought before a court within a reasonable amount of time, Latin for “You must have Body”
Justinian’s Code
The clarification and organization of Roman LAw commissioned by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I (527-565 CE)
Magna Cart
A charter signed by King John of England in 1215 that recognized individual basic rights for people in England.
Mosaic Law
Biblical of Hebrew law found in the Old Testament.
Ten Commandments
Laws given to Moses to guide the Hebrew people.
Napoleonic Code
A code of law in France commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804
Quebec Civil Code
The system of law used in Quebec for resolving private matters, based on the French Civil Code.
Restitution
Punishment that requires the offender to pay the victim or society back for the harm or loss caused by the crime.
Retribution
Punishment an offender for revenge or satisfy the public that the offender has paid for the crime.
Rule of Law
a three-part principle of justice stating that the law is necessary to regulate society, the law applies equally to everyone, and the people are not governed by arbitrary power.
Rule of Precedent
Applying a previous decision to a case that has similar circumstances.
Stare Decisis
a Latin phrase meaning to “stand by the decision” i.e., abide by the decision already made.
The Great Binding Law
Gaynashagowa
The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy that outlined many of the same principles of justice and fairness that found in modern civil rights documents.
Trial by Combat
determining guilt or innocence by having the parties involved in a dispute fight a duel.
