Chapter 1 The Vine

Question 1

Define shoots

Answer 1

Shoots is one of the 4 main sections of the vine. The shoots and their structure is called the canopy. It is composed of buds, leaves, tendrils, lateral shoots and inflorescence/grape bunch.

Question 2

What is the purpose of the shoots?

Answer 2

1. Transport water and solutes (sugar and minerals)
2. Store carbohydrates

Question 3

What is the cycle of shoots?

Answer 3

1. Shoots grow from last year nodes.
2. After the growing season, shoots lignify and become canes.

Question 4

Define one-year-old wood

Answer 4

Shoots from the previous year.
It can be a cane or a spur.

Question 5

What is the purpose of one-year-old wood?

Answer 5

Support the compound buds that turn into shoots for the next growing season.

Question 6

Define permanent wood

Answer 6

Part of the vine that are more than one year old. i.e. trunk and cordons.

Question 7

What is the purpose of permanent wood?

Answer 7

1. Provide support for the vine.
2. Transport water and solutes.
3. Store carbohydrates and nutrients.

Question 8

Define roots

Answer 8

One of the 4 main sections of the vine.

Question 9

What is the purpose of roots?

Answer 9

1. Anchor the vine to the ground.
2. Store carbohydrates and produce hormones important in vine growth and grape ripening.
3. Absorb water and nutrients through the root tips i.e. where roots are actively growing.

Question 10

Define buds

Answer 10

Buds are one of the structure of the shoots. They form between the leaf stalk and the stem.

Question 11

What is the purpose of buds?

Answer 11

The become next growing season green parts.

i.e. Stem, buds, tendrils, leaves and sometimes inflorescences

Question 12

Define compound buds

Answer 12

Form during the growing season and break in the next growing season. They will became next shoots.

Question 13

What is the purpose of compound buds?

Answer 13

Be next growing season shoots and green part of the vine i.e. Stems, buds, tendrils, and inflorescence.

Question 14

Define prompt buds

Answer 14

They form and break during the same growing season. They produce lateral shoots.

Question 15

Define lateral shoots

Answer 15

They form from prompt buds. They are smaller and thinner than the primary shoots.

Question 16

What is the purpose lateral shoots?

Answer 16

1. Allow the plant to grow of the primary shoot is damaged.
2. Provide more leaves for photosynthesis.
3. Produce a second crop if there are new inflorescence.

Question 17

Define tendrils

Answer 17

Part of the vine that help to attach itself to trees in the wild.
In the vineyard tenchills wrap around the trellis wires.

Question 18

Define leaves

Answer 18

Where the main part of the photosynthesis takes place.

Question 19

How leaves work?

Answer 19

Pores located on the underside of leaves ( stomata ) release water and allow CO2 to enter. This is called transpiration.

Question 20

Define transpiration

Answer 20

When water and nutrients are taken from the soil through the vine to the leaves.

Question 21

How does transpiration works?

Answer 21

The pores located on the underside of the leaves allow water to diffuse and this draws water and nutrients from the soil.

Question 22

Define photosynthesis

Answer 22

When green plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugars.

Question 23

Define inflorescence

Answer 23

A bunch or cluster of flowers that will become a bunch of grapes.

Question 24

Define pulp

Answer 24

The majority of the grape in weight and volume. It contains water, sugar, acid and aromas compounds and precursor.

Question 25

What is present in the skin?

Answer 25

The skin has color, tanins, aromas compound and aromas precursor.

Question 26

Define seeds

Answer 26

Seeds are inside of the grape. They contain oils, tanins, and can turn into a new plant.

Question 27

Define Cordons

Answer 27

Horizontal permanent wood of the vine that provide support to the rest of the plant.

Question 28

Define cuttings

Answer 28

A section of a vine shoot used to grow a new plant.

Question 29

Define layering

Answer 29

A method of propagation that uses a cane or shoot from a vine and buries it to allow roots to develop before cutting the cane.

Question 30

Describe the main parts of the of the flowers

Answer 30

Question 31

What are the steps in grape development?

Answer 31

• flowering and fruit set
• early grape growth
• grape formation
• veraison
• ripening
• extra ripening