Chapter 1 The Vine Flashcards
Define shoots
Shoots is one of the 4 main sections of the vine. The shoots and their structure is called the canopy. It is composed of buds, leaves, tendrils, lateral shoots and inflorescence/grape bunch.
What is the purpose of the shoots?
- Transport water and solutes (sugar and minerals)
- Store carbohydrates
What is the cycle of shoots?
- Shoots grow from last year nodes.
- After the growing season, shoots lignify and become canes.
Define one-year-old wood
Shoots from the previous year.
It can be a cane or a spur.
What is the purpose of one-year-old wood?
Support the compound buds that turn into shoots for the next growing season.
Define permanent wood
Part of the vine that are more than one year old. i.e. trunk and cordons.
What is the purpose of permanent wood?
- Provide support for the vine.
- Transport water and solutes.
- Store carbohydrates and nutrients.
Define roots
One of the 4 main sections of the vine.
What is the purpose of roots?
- Anchor the vine to the ground.
- Store carbohydrates and produce hormones important in vine growth and grape ripening.
- Absorb water and nutrients through the root tips i.e. where roots are actively growing.
Define buds
Buds are one of the structure of the shoots. They form between the leaf stalk and the stem.
What is the purpose of buds?
The become next growing season green parts.
i.e. Stem, buds, tendrils, leaves and sometimes inflorescences
Define compound buds
Form during the growing season and break in the next growing season. They will became next shoots.
What is the purpose of compound buds?
Be next growing season shoots and green part of the vine i.e. Stems, buds, tendrils, and inflorescence.
Define prompt buds
They form and break during the same growing season. They produce lateral shoots.
Define lateral shoots
They form from prompt buds. They are smaller and thinner than the primary shoots.
What is the purpose lateral shoots?
- Allow the plant to grow of the primary shoot is damaged.
- Provide more leaves for photosynthesis.
- Produce a second crop if there are new inflorescence.
Define tendrils
Part of the vine that help to attach itself to trees in the wild.
In the vineyard tenchills wrap around the trellis wires.
Define leaves
Where the main part of the photosynthesis takes place.
How leaves work?
Pores located on the underside of leaves ( stomata ) release water and allow CO2 to enter. This is called transpiration.
Define transpiration
When water and nutrients are taken from the soil through the vine to the leaves.
How does transpiration works?
The pores located on the underside of the leaves allow water to diffuse and this draws water and nutrients from the soil.
Define photosynthesis
When green plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugars.
Define inflorescence
A bunch or cluster of flowers that will become a bunch of grapes.
Define pulp
The majority of the grape in weight and volume. It contains water, sugar, acid and aromas compounds and precursor.
What is present in the skin?
The skin has color, tanins, aromas compound and aromas precursor.
Define seeds
Seeds are inside of the grape. They contain oils, tanins, and can turn into a new plant.
Define Cordons
Horizontal permanent wood of the vine that provide support to the rest of the plant.
Define cuttings
A section of a vine shoot used to grow a new plant.
Define layering
A method of propagation that uses a cane or shoot from a vine and buries it to allow roots to develop before cutting the cane.
Describe the main parts of the of the flowers
What are the steps in grape development?
- flowering and fruit set
- early grape growth
- grape formation
- veraison
- ripening
- extra ripening
