Chapter 1 - The Study of Life Flashcards
The Study of Life
Name 6 steps of the Scientific Method
One Quilted Hat per Ex Con
- Observation
- Question
- Hypothesis
- Prediction
- Experiment
- Conclusion
Define variable
Something that changes
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Observation
True or False: A hypothesis is a testable prediction.
True
Fill in the blank: The scientific method typically begins with __________.
observation
A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which can be tested.
Hypothesis
Which step follows the formulation of a hypothesis?
Prediction
What is the purpose of conducting experiments in the scientific method?
To test the validity of the hypothesis.
What is the process of gathering and measuring information in a systematic way?
Data collection
Fill in the blank: After analyzing data, scientists draw __________ based on their findings.
conclusions
What is the evaluation of scientific work by one or more experts in the field.
Peer Review
True or False: Conclusions can lead to new hypotheses.
True
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key component of a scientific experiment? A) Random Guessing B) Controlled Variables C) Subjective Interpretation D) Emotional Influence
B) Controlled Variables
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a statement that describes the expected outcome of an experiment.
hypothesis
What are independent and dependent variables?
Independent variables are manipulated in an experiment, while dependent variables are measured.
What is a well-substantiated explanation based on a body of evidence.
Theory
What is the role of controls in an experiment?
To ensure that the results are due to the independent variable and not other factors.
Fill in the blank: Scientists must remain __________ when interpreting data to avoid bias.
objective
True or False: The scientific method can be used in fields outside of natural sciences.
True
Any factor that can be controlled, changed, or measured in an experiment.
A variable
What are 6 properties of life?
H A I R S A
- Homeotasis
- Acquire and use energy
- Interact with environment
- reproduce grow and develop
- S - Perceive /respond to stimuli
- Adapt and evolve
TRUE or FALSE
Viruses are living things
FALSE
Do RESULTS prove, support or refute a hypothesis?
DO NOT PROVE. They support or refute
What is a CONSTANT in an experiment?
Stays the same in the WHOLE experiment
What is an Independent Variable?
What did you change?
What is a CONTROL?
The baseline for comparison
This is a controlled variable
What is a Dependent Variable?
What did you measure?
ex. health of plants measured
What are the Scientific Levels of Classification?
Only One Thing Can Make Atoms
- Organ sytem
- Organ
- Tissue
- Cell
- Molecule
- Atom
The basic unit of life
Cell
Smallest particle of element
Atom
Combination of atoms
Molecule
3 domains
Highest classification of organisms
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
What are phylogenies?
A visual representation of the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
The binomial system is used to name organism
Homo sapiens
You observe a plant on your windowsill that is growing at an angle toward the outside. This is an example of a living thing ___________________
Responding to stimuli
Which hypothesis can be scientifically proven?
1. An animal ate all the salamanders
2. The marigold repelled the salamanders
3. The salamander god called them home
4. The garden was too wet for the salamanders
The marigold repelled the salamanders - if you have two exact beds with same soil, water and salamanders, then add marigolds
The garden was too wet - Both beds exactly the same except amount of water
Define an experimental control.
The experimental control, or negative control, is the independent variable that does not change. It shows that no other unexpected variable can result in a false positive.
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
what you change
What is the dependent variable?
what you measure - collect
What is the control of an experiment?
The control is the constant - what you do not change
What is the treatment?
The treatment is the independent variable. It is the ONLY part of the experiment that changes.
What is the control in the marigold experiment?
The control would be 10 empty beds - no marigolds
What are the controlled variables in the marigold experiment?
Same soil, sunlight, exposure, temperature and moisture
What is difference between control and controlled variables?
Controlled variables are constant - while controls can be positive or negative. A control group has no treatment. It acts as a baseline.
What is the mean?
The average - add them all and divide by number of items
Which type of graph best represents this data?
Bar line graph
