chapter 1 - the psych of learning + memory

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

the process by which changes in behavior arise as the result of experience interacting with the world

Question 2

memory

Answer 2

the record of our past experiences which are required through learning

Question 3

data

Answer 3

facts and figures from which conclusions can be inferred

Question 4

theories

Answer 4

set of statement devised to explain a group of facts

Question 5

what was aristotle’s theory on memory

Answer 5

associationism: principle that memory depends on the formation of linkages between pairs of events, sensations, or ideas

Question 6

empiricism

Answer 6

all ideas we have are the result of experience (nurture)

Question 7

nativism

Answer 7

humans are shaped by biological inheritance (nature)

Question 8

who supported nativism

Answer 8

plato: beleived we’re born w/ innate differences in skill and suggest sorting by quality soon after birth
descartes: believed most of our knowledge is innate, not from experience

Question 9

who supported empiricism

Answer 9

aristotle: believed knowledge and talent are matters of training, not inheritance
locke: believed we’re born as blank slates (tabula rosa) and skills are shaped by experience

Question 10

dualism

Answer 10

the principle that the mind and body exists as separate entities, each with different characteristics, governed by its own laws

Question 11

mechanical side of dualism

Answer 11

our bodily similarity to machines and non-human animals

Question 12

immaterial soul of dualism

Answer 12

our ability to think freely and make decisions

Question 13

contiguity

Answer 13

experiences near each other in time/space are joined together

Question 14

frequency

Answer 14

experiences often repeated are connected more strongly

Question 15

similarity

Answer 15

experiences similar to one another are connected