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Chapter 1: The Modern State of Health and Fitness Flashcards

* Distinguish Fitness Professionals' role within the health industry * Identify the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting modern society *Differentiate between evidence-based practice from fitness fads and myths * Define a Certified Personal Trainers scope of practice

1
Q

Define Obesity

A

A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat, Body mass index of 30 or greater.

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2
Q

Define Kinesiology

A

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology

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3
Q

What are the three components of evidence-based practice?

A

Developing individual professional expertise
Peer-reviewed research
Prioritizing client values and expectations

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4
Q

What is the Musculoskeletal system?

A

The combined interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body

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5
Q

What is Deconditioned?

A

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and lack of core and joint stability,

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6
Q

Define Overweight?

A

Body mass index of 25.0-29.9

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7
Q

What are muscle imbalances?

A

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered the length-tension relationship

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8
Q

What is Joint Stability?

A

The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement

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9
Q

Define Morbidity

A

The state of having a disease

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10
Q

Define Mortality

A

A state or risk of death or dying

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11
Q

Define Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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12
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium

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13
Q

Define Disease

A

Any abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of a part of the body.

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14
Q

What does non-communicable mean?

A

Not-contagious

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15
Q

What are the leading causes of death?

A

Chronic diseases ( Coronary Artery Disease)

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16
Q

What is a risk factor?

A

Any attributed characteristic or exposure of an individual increases the likelihood of a developing disease or injury.

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17
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.

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18
Q

What is the BMI formula?

A

703 x weight (lb) / Height (In squared)

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19
Q

What is the Disease risk and classification for a BMI of

< 18.5?

A

Diseased Risk - Increased

Classification - Underweight

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20
Q

What is the Disease risk and classification for a BMI of

< 18.-24.9?

A

Disease risk - Low

Classification - Healthy Weight

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21
Q

What is the Disease risk and classification for a BMI of

25-29.9?

A

Disease risk - increased

Classification- Overweight

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22
Q

What is the Disease risk and classification for a BMI of 30-34.9?

A

Disease Risk - High

Classification - Obese

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23
Q

What is the Disease Risk and classification for a BMI of

35.0 - 39.9?

A

Disease Risk - Very High

Classification -Obese 2

24
Q

What is the Disease Risk and classification for a BMI of

40 or greater?

A

Disease Risk - Extremely High

Classification - Obesity 3

25
What is a stroke?
A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or a ruptured blood vessel
26
What is a Heart Attack?
Occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked, medically known as a myocardial infarction
27
What is heart failure?
A condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs
28
What are Heart Valve problems?
A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply
29
What is an Arrhythmia?
A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person's heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.
30
What is Ischemic Heart Disease?
A category of heart-related problems causes by the narrowing of Coronary Arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscles.
31
What Is Atherosclerosis?
The process by which plaque is formed in arteries leads to reduced blood flow
32
What is Hypertension?
Consistently Elevated blood pressure
33
What Is Systolic Blood Pressure?
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting, the first ( top) number recorded
34
What Is Diastolic Blood Pressure?
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; the second ( bottom) number recorded
35
What is a normal bp?
Less than 120/80mm Hg
36
What is an elevated BP?
Systolic between 120-129 | Diastolic - Less than 80mm HG
37
What is Stage 1 Hypertension?
Systolic Between 130-139 OR | Diastolic between 80 and 89
38
What is Stage 2 Hypertension?
Systolic between 140 or higher OR | Diastolic 90 MM Hg or Higher
39
What is a Hypertensive Crisis?
Systolic Greater than 180 AND OR | Diastolic greater than 120
40
What are ideal levels of LDL?
Less than 100mg per deciliter
41
What are ideal levels of HDL?
Kept around 60mg/dl
42
What is Diabetes?
Chronic Metabolic Disorder caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances the usage of fat and protein
43
What is Glucose?
The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy
44
What does Insulin Resistance mean?
The inability of the cells to respond to insulin occurs in type 2 diabetes
45
Define Cancer?
A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
46
What happens in Type 1 Diabetes?
The Pancrease does not make enough insulin or none at all.
47
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
a chronic condition in which the body does not use insulin properly.
48
What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, and refractory ( Nonreversible) Asthma
49
What are Endorphins?
A group of Hormones secreted by the brain provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain.
50
What is Skeletal Muscle?
The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement
51
What is a Sprain?
Stretching or tearing of the ligament
52
What is Plantar Fasciitis?
Inflammation of the fibrous tissue ( Plantar Fascia) along the bottom of the foot, often results in intense heel pain.
53
What is Patellar Tendonitis?
An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the Patella ( Kneecap) to the Tibia ( Shin Bone)
54
What is an Anterior Cruciate Ligament ( ACL) tear?
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee
55
What is a medial collateral ligament ( MCL) Tear?
A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.
56
What is Shoulder Impingement Syndrome?
Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissue rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder
57
What is the LPHC? and what is commonly referred to as and why?
Lumbar Spine Pelvis Abdomen Hip musculoskeletal structures The core connects the upper and lower halves of the body.

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