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Personal Training > Chapter 1: The Modern State of Health and Fitness > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Modern State of Health and Fitness Flashcards

* Distinguish Fitness Professionals' role within the health industry * Identify the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting modern society *Differentiate between evidence-based practice from fitness fads and myths * Define a Certified Personal Trainers scope of practice

1
Q

Define Obesity

A

A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat, Body mass index of 30 or greater.

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2
Q

Define Kinesiology

A

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology

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3
Q

What are the three components of evidence-based practice?

A

Developing individual professional expertise
Peer-reviewed research
Prioritizing client values and expectations

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4
Q

What is the Musculoskeletal system?

A

The combined interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body

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5
Q

What is Deconditioned?

A

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and lack of core and joint stability,

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6
Q

Define Overweight?

A

Body mass index of 25.0-29.9

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7
Q

What are muscle imbalances?

A

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered the length-tension relationship

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8
Q

What is Joint Stability?

A

The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement

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9
Q

Define Morbidity

A

The state of having a disease

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10
Q

Define Mortality

A

A state or risk of death or dying

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11
Q

Define Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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12
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium

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13
Q

Define Disease

A

Any abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of a part of the body.

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14
Q

What does non-communicable mean?

A

Not-contagious

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15
Q

What are the leading causes of death?

A

Chronic diseases ( Coronary Artery Disease)

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16
Q

What is a risk factor?

A

Any attributed characteristic or exposure of an individual increases the likelihood of a developing disease or injury.

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17
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.

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18
Q

What is the BMI formula?

A

703 x weight (lb) / Height (In squared)

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19
Q

What is the Disease risk and classification for a BMI of

< 18.5?

A

Diseased Risk - Increased

Classification - Underweight

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20
Q

What is the Disease risk and classification for a BMI of

< 18.-24.9?

A

Disease risk - Low

Classification - Healthy Weight

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21
Q

What is the Disease risk and classification for a BMI of

25-29.9?

A

Disease risk - increased

Classification- Overweight

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22
Q

What is the Disease risk and classification for a BMI of 30-34.9?

A

Disease Risk - High

Classification - Obese

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23
Q

What is the Disease Risk and classification for a BMI of

35.0 - 39.9?

A

Disease Risk - Very High

Classification -Obese 2

24
Q

What is the Disease Risk and classification for a BMI of

40 or greater?

A

Disease Risk - Extremely High

Classification - Obesity 3

25
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or a ruptured blood vessel

26
Q

What is a Heart Attack?

A

Occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked, medically known as a myocardial infarction

27
Q

What is heart failure?

A

A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

28
Q

What are Heart Valve problems?

A

A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply

29
Q

What is an Arrhythmia?

A

A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.

30
Q

What is Ischemic Heart Disease?

A

A category of heart-related problems causes by the narrowing of Coronary Arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscles.

31
Q

What Is Atherosclerosis?

A

The process by which plaque is formed in arteries leads to reduced blood flow

32
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

Consistently Elevated blood pressure

33
Q

What Is Systolic Blood Pressure?

A

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting, the first ( top) number recorded

34
Q

What Is Diastolic Blood Pressure?

A

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is at rest or between beats; the second ( bottom) number recorded

35
Q

What is a normal bp?

A

Less than 120/80mm Hg

36
Q

What is an elevated BP?

A

Systolic between 120-129

Diastolic - Less than 80mm HG

37
Q

What is Stage 1 Hypertension?

A

Systolic Between 130-139 OR

Diastolic between 80 and 89

38
Q

What is Stage 2 Hypertension?

A

Systolic between 140 or higher OR

Diastolic 90 MM Hg or Higher

39
Q

What is a Hypertensive Crisis?

A

Systolic Greater than 180 AND OR

Diastolic greater than 120

40
Q

What are ideal levels of LDL?

A

Less than 100mg per deciliter

41
Q

What are ideal levels of HDL?

A

Kept around 60mg/dl

42
Q

What is Diabetes?

A

Chronic Metabolic Disorder caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances the usage of fat and protein

43
Q

What is Glucose?

A

The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy

44
Q

What does Insulin Resistance mean?

A

The inability of the cells to respond to insulin occurs in type 2 diabetes

45
Q

Define Cancer?

A

A group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

46
Q

What happens in Type 1 Diabetes?

A

The Pancrease does not make enough insulin or none at all.

47
Q

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

A

a chronic condition in which the body does not use insulin properly.

48
Q

What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

A

A general term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, and refractory ( Nonreversible) Asthma

49
Q

What are Endorphins?

A

A group of Hormones secreted by the brain provides a variety of physiological functions, such as reducing the perception of pain.

50
Q

What is Skeletal Muscle?

A

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement

51
Q

What is a Sprain?

A

Stretching or tearing of the ligament

52
Q

What is Plantar Fasciitis?

A

Inflammation of the fibrous tissue ( Plantar Fascia) along the bottom of the foot, often results in intense heel pain.

53
Q

What is Patellar Tendonitis?

A

An injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects the Patella ( Kneecap) to the Tibia ( Shin Bone)

54
Q

What is an Anterior Cruciate Ligament ( ACL) tear?

A

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee

55
Q

What is a medial collateral ligament ( MCL) Tear?

A

A stretch, partial tear, or complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee.

56
Q

What is Shoulder Impingement Syndrome?

A

Shoulder pain caused by rotator cuff tissue rubbing against the acromion bone of the shoulder

57
Q

What is the LPHC? and what is commonly referred to as and why?

A

Lumbar Spine
Pelvis
Abdomen
Hip musculoskeletal structures

The core connects the upper and lower halves of the body.

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