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Anatomy > Chapter 1 The Human Body An Orientation > Flashcards

Chapter 1 The Human Body An Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the structure and shape of the body and it’s parts and relationships to one another (e.g heart)

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Study of how the body and it’s parts work or function

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Structure determines_________, thus anatomy and physiology are always related

A

What function can take place

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4
Q

An organized genetic unit capable of metabolism, reproduction, and evolution

A

Life

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5
Q

Total chemical activity and consists of thousands of individual chemical reactions

A

An organism’s metabolism

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6
Q

Provide this control and coordination( DNA segment that carries information for building a protein

A

Genes

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7
Q

Must remain within a given range of physical and chemical conditions for the organism to remain healthy

A

The internal environment of an organism

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8
Q

Maintenance of a relative stable internal condition, such as temperature

A

Homeostasis

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9
Q

Made up of atoms which can be organized into cells

A

Molecules

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10
Q

Working components of living organism

A

Cells

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11
Q

A group of many cells with similar coordinated function

A

Tissue

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12
Q

Combine several tissues that function together

A

Organs

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13
Q

An organism is a recognizable, self-contained individual made up of?

A

Organs and Organ Systems

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14
Q

A. forms the external body
B. protects deeper tissue from injury
C. synthesizes vitamin D
D. location of cutaneous receptors, oil and sweat glands

A

Integumentary System

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15
Q

A. protects and supports body organs
B. provides framework for muscle attachment
C. blood cells form within bones
D. stores minerals

A

Skeletal System

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16
Q

A. allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expression
B. maintains posture
C. produces heat

A

Muscular System

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17
Q

a. Fast-acting control system of the body

b. Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

A

Nervous System

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18
Q

a. Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism

A

Endocrine System

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19
Q

a. Blood vessels transport blood, carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste
b. The heart pumps blood

A

Cardiovascular System

20
Q

a. Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood
b. Disposed of debris in the lymphatic stream
c. Houses white blood cells involved in immunity

A

Lymphatic System

21
Q

a. Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
b. Gas exchange occurs through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs

A

Respiratory System

22
Q

a. Breaks good down into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
b. Indigestible foodstuffs are you eliminated as feces

A

Digestive System

23
Q

a. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body

b. Regulates water, and electrolyte , and PH balance of the blood

A

Urinary System

24
Q

a. Production of off-spring
b. Testes produce speed and male sex hormones
c. Ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to the female reproductive tract

A

Reproductive System-male

25
Q

a. Production of off-spring
b. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
c. Remaining sites serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus
d. Mammary glands of female produce milk to nourish the newborn

A

Reproductive System-Female

26
Q

The maintenance of stable internal conditions with narrow limits

A

Homeostasis

27
Q

Stable conditions are maintained by?

A

Negative feedback

28
Q

In negative feedback, a sensing mechanism detects a change in conditions beyond specific limits

A

Receptor

29
Q

In negative feedback, a control center or?

A

Integrator

30
Q

Evaluates the change and activates a second mechanism(____) to correct the condition

A

Effector

31
Q

Conditions are constantly monitored by receptors and evaluated by the control center

A

Brain

32
Q

When the control center determines that conditions have returned to normal

A

Corrective action is discontinued

33
Q

In negative feedback, the original condition is?

A

Canceled or neglected so that conditions can go back to normal

34
Q

An action intensifies a condition so that it is driven farther beyond normal limits

A

Positive feedback

35
Q

Positive feedback is uncommon but does occur during?

A

Childbirth and lactation

36
Q

____ is located within the central nervous system in the____?

A

Vertebrate thermoregulatory center

Hypothalamus

37
Q

Animals regulate their body temperatures by employing the following:

A
  1. Cooling by evaporation
  2. Warming by metabolism
  3. Adjusting surface area to regulate temperature
38
Q

By changing the volume of blood that flows to these areas by?

A

Vasodilation or vasoconstriction

39
Q

All animals have various_______that increase their ability to survive in a particular environment

A

Behavioral, physiological, or anatomical adaptations

40
Q

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

A

Superior

41
Q

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

A

Inferior

42
Q

Front of an organism, organ or part; the ventral surface

A

Anterior

43
Q

Back of an organism organ or part; the dorsal surface

A

Posterior

44
Q

Necessary life functions

A
  1. Maintain boundaries
  2. Movements
  3. Responsiveness
  4. Digestion
  5. Metabolism
  6. Excretion
  7. Reproduction
  8. Growth
45
Q

5 survival needs of humans

A

Nutrients-carbohydrates,
proteins, fats
Oxygen-requires to release
energy from food
Water-60% of body weight; provides the basis
of various body fluids
Appropriate body temperature-too high or too
low physiological functions cease
because molecules are destroyed or
become nonfunctional
Appropriate atmospheric pressure-force
exerted on the body by the weight of the
air; is essential for normal operation of
the respire system and breathing

Anatomy (5 decks)

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