Chapter 1 The Human Body An Orientation

Question 1

Study of the structure and shape of the body and it’s parts and relationships to one another (e.g heart)

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Study of how the body and it’s parts work or function

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Structure determines_________, thus anatomy and physiology are always related

Answer 3

What function can take place

Question 4

An organized genetic unit capable of metabolism, reproduction, and evolution

Answer 4

Life

Question 5

Total chemical activity and consists of thousands of individual chemical reactions

Answer 5

An organism’s metabolism

Question 6

Provide this control and coordination( DNA segment that carries information for building a protein

Answer 6

Genes

Question 7

Must remain within a given range of physical and chemical conditions for the organism to remain healthy

Answer 7

The internal environment of an organism

Question 8

Maintenance of a relative stable internal condition, such as temperature

Answer 8

Homeostasis

Question 9

Made up of atoms which can be organized into cells

Answer 9

Molecules

Question 10

Working components of living organism

Answer 10

Cells

Question 11

A group of many cells with similar coordinated function

Answer 11

Tissue

Question 12

Combine several tissues that function together

Answer 12

Organs

Question 13

An organism is a recognizable, self-contained individual made up of?

Answer 13

Organs and Organ Systems

Question 14

A. forms the external body
B. protects deeper tissue from injury
C. synthesizes vitamin D
D. location of cutaneous receptors, oil and sweat glands

Answer 14

Integumentary System

Question 15

A. protects and supports body organs
B. provides framework for muscle attachment
C. blood cells form within bones
D. stores minerals

Answer 15

Skeletal System

Question 16

A. allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expression
B. maintains posture
C. produces heat

Answer 16

Muscular System

Question 17

a. Fast-acting control system of the body

b. Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

Answer 17

Nervous System

Question 18

a. Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism

Answer 18

Endocrine System

Question 19

a. Blood vessels transport blood, carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste
b. The heart pumps blood

Answer 19

Cardiovascular System

Question 20

a. Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood
b. Disposed of debris in the lymphatic stream
c. Houses white blood cells involved in immunity

Answer 20

Lymphatic System

Question 21

a. Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
b. Gas exchange occurs through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs

Answer 21

Respiratory System

Question 22

a. Breaks good down into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
b. Indigestible foodstuffs are you eliminated as feces

Answer 22

Digestive System

Question 23

a. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body

b. Regulates water, and electrolyte , and PH balance of the blood

Answer 23

Urinary System

Question 24

a. Production of off-spring
b. Testes produce speed and male sex hormones
c. Ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to the female reproductive tract

Answer 24

Reproductive System-male

Question 25

a. Production of off-spring b. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones c. Remaining sites serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus d. Mammary glands of female produce milk to nourish the newborn

Answer 25

Reproductive System-Female

Question 26

The maintenance of stable internal conditions with narrow limits

Answer 26

Homeostasis

Question 27

Stable conditions are maintained by?

Answer 27

Negative feedback

Question 28

In negative feedback, a sensing mechanism detects a change in conditions beyond specific limits

Answer 28

Receptor

Question 29

In negative feedback, a control center or?

Answer 29

Integrator

Question 30

Evaluates the change and activates a second mechanism(____) to correct the condition

Answer 30

Effector

Question 31

Conditions are constantly monitored by receptors and evaluated by the control center

Answer 31

Brain

Question 32

When the control center determines that conditions have returned to normal

Answer 32

Corrective action is discontinued

Question 33

In negative feedback, the original condition is?

Answer 33

Canceled or neglected so that conditions can go back to normal

Question 34

An action intensifies a condition so that it is driven farther beyond normal limits

Answer 34

Positive feedback

Question 35

Positive feedback is uncommon but does occur during?

Answer 35

Childbirth and lactation

Question 36

____ is located within the central nervous system in the____?

Answer 36

Vertebrate thermoregulatory center Hypothalamus

Question 37

Animals regulate their body temperatures by employing the following:

Answer 37

1. Cooling by evaporation 2. Warming by metabolism 3. Adjusting surface area to regulate temperature

Question 38

By changing the volume of blood that flows to these areas by?

Answer 38

Vasodilation or vasoconstriction

Question 39

All animals have various_______that increase their ability to survive in a particular environment

Answer 39

Behavioral, physiological, or anatomical adaptations

Question 40

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Answer 40

Superior

Question 41

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Answer 41

Inferior

Question 42

Front of an organism, organ or part; the ventral surface

Answer 42

Anterior

Question 43

Back of an organism organ or part; the dorsal surface

Answer 43

Posterior

Question 44

Necessary life functions

Answer 44

1. Maintain boundaries 2. Movements 3. Responsiveness 4. Digestion 5. Metabolism 6. Excretion 7. Reproduction 8. Growth

Question 45

5 survival needs of humans

Answer 45

Nutrients-carbohydrates, proteins, fats Oxygen-requires to release energy from food Water-60% of body weight; provides the basis of various body fluids Appropriate body temperature-too high or too low physiological functions cease because molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional Appropriate atmospheric pressure-force exerted on the body by the weight of the air; is essential for normal operation of the respire system and breathing