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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation Flashcards

0
Q

The navel is ____ to the chin

A

Inferior

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1
Q

The head is ______ to the abdomen

A

Superior

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2
Q

The breast is ____ to the spine

A

Anterior (Ventral)

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3
Q

Pertaining to the point of the shoulder

A

Acromial

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4
Q

Pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

A

Abdominal

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5
Q

Pertaining to the ear

A

Otic

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6
Q

Pertaining to the head

A

Cephalic

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7
Q

Pertaining to the nose

A

Nasal

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8
Q

Pertaining to the mouth

A

Oral

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9
Q

Pertaining to the knee(anterior)

A

Patellar

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10
Q

Pertaining to the foot

A

Pedal

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11
Q

Pertaining to the thumb

A

Pollex

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12
Q

Pertaining to the palm

A

Palmar

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13
Q

Pertaining to the pelvis

A

Pelvic

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14
Q

Pertaining to the forehead

A

Frontal

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15
Q

Pertaining to the great toe

A

Hallux

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16
Q

Pertaining to the thigh

A

Femoral

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17
Q

Pertaining to the cheek

A

Buccal

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18
Q

Pertaining to the wrist

A

Carpal

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19
Q

Pertaining to the neck

A

Cervical

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20
Q

Pertaining to the armpit

A

Axillary

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21
Q

Pertaining to the arm

A

Brachial

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22
Q

Pertaining to the forearm

A

Antebrachial

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23
Q

Pertaining to the anterior surface of elbow

A

Antecubital

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24
Q

Pertaining to the groin

A

Inguinal

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25
Q

Pertaining to the leg

A

Crural

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26
Q

Pertaining to the side of the leg

A

Fibular

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27
Q

Pertaining to the fingers and toes

A

Digital

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28
Q

Pertaining to the hip

A

Coxal

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29
Q

Pertaining to the breast

A

Mammary

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30
Q

Pertaining to the chin

A

Mental

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31
Q

Pertaining to the navel

A

Umbilical

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32
Q

Pertaining to the chest

A

Thoracic

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33
Q

Pertaining to the ankle

A

Tarsal

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34
Q

Pertaining to the genital region

A

Pubic

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35
Q

Pertaining to the region of the breastbone

A

Sternal

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36
Q

Tarsal + digital=

A

Pedal

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37
Q

Axial refers to___

A

The head, neck, and trunk of the body

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38
Q

Appendicular refers to ___

A

The limbs

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39
Q

Describe anatomical position

A

Eyes chest feet and palms all facing forward

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40
Q

Pertaining to the area of the spinal column

A

Vertebral

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41
Q

Pertaining to the calf or the posterior surface of the leg

A

Sural

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42
Q

Pertaining to the scapula or the shoulder blade

A

Scapular

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43
Q

Pertaining to the hand

A

Manus

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44
Q

Pertaining to the heal of the foot

A

Calcaneal

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45
Q

Pertaining to the back

A

Dorsum

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46
Q

Pertaining to the buttocks

A

Gluteal

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47
Q

Pertaining to the sole of the food

A

Plantar

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48
Q

Pertaining to the region between the anus and external genitalia

A

Perineal

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49
Q

Pertaining to the posterior of the knee

A

Popliteal

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50
Q

Pertaining to the region between the hips

A

Sarcal

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51
Q

Pertaining to the posterior of the elbow

A

Olecranal

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52
Q

Pertaining to the posterior of the head or the base of the skull

A

Occipital

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53
Q

Pertaining to the area of the back between hips and ribs… The loin

A

Lumbar

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54
Q

The nose is ____ mouth

A

Superior

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55
Q

Abdomen is _____ chest

A

Inferior

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56
Q

Superior refers to

A

Above

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57
Q

Inferior refers to

A

Below

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58
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: The front

A

Anterior

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59
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: The back

A

Posterior

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60
Q

Anterior is synonymous to

A

Ventral

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61
Q

Posterior is synonymous to

A

Dorsal

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62
Q

The spine is ___ to heart

A

Posterior

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63
Q

Cavity: also known as the mouth, contains the teeth and tongue and is continuous with digestive tube

A

Oral

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64
Q

Cavity: houses the eyes in the skull and presents them in a anterior position

A

Orbital

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65
Q

Cavity: lies medial to the eardrum and is carved into the bony skull. This cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ hearing in the inner ears

A

Middle ear cavity

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66
Q

Cavity: located in the posterior to the nose; part of the passages of the respiratory system

A

Nasal

67
Q

Cavity: joint cavities

A

Synovial

68
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: above

A

Superior

69
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: Below

A

Inferior

70
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: front

A

Anterior

71
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: back

A

Posterior

72
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: toward the midline

A

Medial

73
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: away from midline

A

Lateral

74
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: Cephalad in humans is synonymous to

A

Superior

75
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: towards the head

A

Cephalad

76
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: towards the tail

A

Caudal

77
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: Cephalad In animals is synonymous to

A

Anterior

78
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: caudal in animals is synonymous to

A

Posterior

79
Q

Proximal

A

Above a certain body part on a limb

80
Q

Below a body part of a limb

A

Distal

81
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: toward the body surface

A

Superficial

82
Q

Body Orientation and Direction: away from the body surfaces

A

Deep

83
Q

The wrist is ___ to hand

A

Proximal

84
Q

The trachea to the spine

A

Anterior

85
Q

The brain to the spinal chord

A

Superior

86
Q

The kidney to the liver

A

Inferior

87
Q

The nose to the cheekbones

A

Medial

88
Q

Thumb to the ring finger

A

Lateral

89
Q

Thorax to the abdomen

A

Superior

90
Q

The skin to the skeleton

A

Superficial

91
Q

Define: section

A

Cut through a organ or body through a plane

92
Q

Define: plane

A

Imaginary surface or line

93
Q

Directional planes: divides the body into left and right parts

A

Sagital plane

94
Q

Directional planes: divides the body into the inferior and superior parts

A

Transverse

95
Q

Directional planes: divides body into the anterior and posterior sections

A

Frontal/ coronal

96
Q

Name the two main body cavities

A

Dorsal and ventral

97
Q

Dorsal body cavity: two sub cavities

A

Cranial and spinal

98
Q

Cavity: Brain

A

Cranial

99
Q

Cavity: spinal chord

A

Spinal cavity

100
Q

Most protected cavity?

A

Spinal cavity

101
Q

Sub-cavities of ventral cavity

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavit

102
Q

Cavity: heart and lungs

A

Thoracic

103
Q

Cavity: stomach, intestines, liver

A

Abdominal cavity (Abdominopelvic cavity)

104
Q

Cavity: reproductive organs, bladder, rectum

A

Pelvic cavity (Abdominopelvic cavity)

105
Q

Define: Serosa and Serous Membranes

A

Covering (membrane) of the ventral cavity walls and organs… Produces a lubricating fluid that allows the organs to slide over one another without causing friction

106
Q

The parietal Serosa covers

A

The ventral cavity wall

107
Q

The visceral Serosa covers

A

Organs

108
Q

Serosa membrane of lungs

A

Pleura

109
Q

Serosa membrane of heart

A

Pericardium

110
Q

Serosa membrane of abdominopelvic cavity

A

Peritoneum

111
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity: pubic region

A

Hypogastric

112
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity: superior to umbilical region

A

Epigastric

113
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity: centermost region

A

Umbilical

114
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity: lateral to Epigastric overlying the ribs

A

Hypochondriac

115
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity: lateral to umbilical

A

Lumbar

116
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity: lateral to Hypogastric overlying superior part of hip bones

A

Iliac

117
Q

Muscle dividing ventral body cavity

A

Diaphragm

118
Q

Organ system not represented in any cavities

A

Integumentary

119
Q

Cavity with the least protection

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

120
Q

Organ system: protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemicals, and bacterial injury and drying out, excreted salts and Urea, aids in body temperature regulation, produces vitamin d

A

Integumentary system

121
Q

Organ system: body support and protection of internal organs, provides levers of muscular action, cavities provide a site for blood cell formation

A

Skeletal system

122
Q

Organ system: primary function is to contract and shorten in doing so skeletal muscles allow locomotion,grasping and manipulation of environment, and facial expression; generates heat

A

Muscular system

123
Q

Organ system: allow body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands. Helps to maintain homeostasis of the body via the rapid transmission of electric,a signals

A

Nervous system

124
Q

Organ system: provides germ (egg) cells; the female uterus houses the developing fetus until birth; mammary glands provide nutrition for infant

A

Female reproductive system

125
Q

Organ system: provides germ cells (sperm) for perpetuation of the species

A

Male reproductive system

126
Q

Organ system: maintains water electrolyte and acid base in blood, rids the body of nitrogenous wastes, which results from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids

A

Urinary system

127
Q

Organ system: breaks down ingested to food, which can be absorbed in the blood for delivery to body cells; undigested food is removed as feces

A

Digestive system

128
Q

Organ system: keeps blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide
Contributed the acid base blood balance via the carbonic acid buffering system

A

Respiratory system

129
Q

Organ system: primarily a transport system that Carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from tissue cells where exchanges are made; blood is propelled through blood vessel by the pumping action of the heart; antibodies and other protein molecules in the blood act to protect the body

A

Cardiovascular system

130
Q

Organ system: helps maintain homeostasis, promotes growth and development; produced chemical “messengers”(hormones) that travel in the blood to exert their effect(s) on various target organs of the body

A

Endocrine

131
Q

Organ system: picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels, and returns it to the blood; cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris; houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances

A

Lymphatic system

132
Q

Organ system: epidermal and dermal regions, cutaneous sense organs and glands, hair, nails, skim

A

Integumentary system

133
Q

Organ system: bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints

A

Skeletal system

134
Q

Organ system: muscles attached to Skelton

A

Muscular system

135
Q

Organ system: brain, spinal chord, sensory receptors, nerves

A

Nervous system

136
Q

Organ system: heart blood, vessels, blood

A

Cardiovascular

137
Q

Organ system: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines ( accessory structures: teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver)

A

Digestive system

138
Q

Organ system: nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

A

Respiratory system

139
Q

Organ system: kidney, uterers, urethra, bladder

A

Urinary system

140
Q

Organ system: male- testes, prostate gland, scrotum, penis, and duct system which carriers sperm to the exterior of the body

A

Reproductive system

141
Q

Organ system: female- ovaries, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

A

Reproductive system

142
Q

Organ system: pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal and pineal glands, ovaries, testes, and pancreas

A

Endocrine system

143
Q

Organ system: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and scattered collection of lymph node tissue

A

Lymphatic system

144
Q

Define: organ

A

A part of a bod composed of a collection of tissues with the primary goal of carrying out a specific function

145
Q

Organ system: brain, nerves, sensory receptors, and spinal cord

A

Nervous system

146
Q

Organ system: heart, blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular system

147
Q

Organ system: kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

A

Urinary system

148
Q

Organ system: thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphatic system

149
Q

Organ system: bones, cartilages, tendons

A

Skeletal

150
Q

Organ system: pancreas, pituitary, adrenals

A

Endocrine

151
Q

Organ system: trachea, bronchi, alveoli

A

Respiratory system

152
Q

Organ system: epidermis, dermis, and cutaneous sense organs

A

Integumentary

153
Q

Organ system: testis, ductus deferens, urethra

A

Urinary system

154
Q

Organ system: esophagus, large intestine, rectum

A

Digestive

155
Q

Organ system: muscles of the thigh

A

Muscular system

156
Q

Levels of organization of a living body

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

157
Q

Body cavity:stomach

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

158
Q

Body cavity: esophagus

A

Thoracic

159
Q

Body cavity: large intestine

A

Abdominopelvic

160
Q

Body cavity: liver

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

161
Q

Body cavity: spinal cord

A

Spinal

162
Q

Body cavity: urinary bladder

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

163
Q

Anatomical position

A

Body erect, arms to the side with palms facing forward and thumbs lateral to the body

164
Q

The principle of complementarity

A

The function depends on structure and vice versa ( anatomy and physiology)

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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