chapter 1: The Field of I/O Psychology

Question 1

A branch of
psychology that applies the
principles of psychology to the
workplace

Answer 1

Industrial-organizational
psychology

Question 2

The
field of study that concentrates
on the selection and evaluation
of employees.

Answer 2

Personnel psychology

Question 3

The field of study
that investigates the behavior of
employees within the context of
an organization

Answer 3

Organizational
psychology

Question 4

A field of
study concentrating on the interaction between humans and
machines

Answer 4

Human factors

Question 5

An intelligence
test developed during World
War I and used by the army for
soldiers who can read

Answer 5

Army Alpha

Question 6

An intelligence
test developed during World
War I and used by the army for
soldiers who cannot read.

Answer 6

Army Beta

Question 7

two
pioneers in I/O
psychology.

Answer 7

Frank and Lillian
Gilbreth

Question 8

A series
of studies, conducted at the
Western Electric plant in
Hawthorne, Illinois, that have
come to represent any change in
behavior when people react to a
change in the environment.

Answer 8

Hawthorne studies

Question 9

When
employees change their behavior
due solely to the fact that they
are receiving attention or are
being observed

Answer 9

Hawthorne effect

Question 10

A standardized admission
test required by most psychology
graduate schools

Answer 10

Graduate Record Exam
(GRE)

Question 11

programs Graduate programs
that offer a master’s degree but
not a Ph.D.

Answer 11

Terminal master’s degree

Question 12

A situation in
which a student works for an
organization, either for pay or as
a volunteer, to receive practical
work experience

Answer 12

Internship

Question 13

A paid or unpaid
position with an organization
that gives a student practical
work experience

Answer 13

Practicum

Question 14

A formal
research paper required of
most doctoral students in
order to graduate.

Answer 14

Dissertation

Question 15

An educated
prediction about the answer to
a research question.

Answer 15

Hypothesis

Question 16

A systematic set of
assumptions regarding the cause
and nature of behavior

Answer 16

Theory

Question 17

A written collection
of articles describing the methods and results of new research

Answer 17

Journals

Question 18

A collection of articles for those “in the
biz,” about related professional
topics, seldom directly reporting
the methods and results of new
research

Answer 18

Trade magazines

Question 19

An unscientific
collection of articles about a
wide range of topics.

Answer 19

Magazines

Question 20

The extent
to which research results can be
expected to hold true outside
the specific setting in which they
were obtained

Answer 20

External validity

Question 21

Like external validity, the extent to which
research results hold true outside
the specific setting in which they
were obtained.

Answer 21

Generalizability

Question 22

Research
conducted in a natural setting as
opposed to a laboratory

Answer 22

Field research

Question 23

The formal process by which subjects
give permission to be included in
a study

Answer 23

Informed consent

Question 24

A committee designated to ensure the ethical
treatment of research subjects.

Answer 24

Institutional review
boards

Question 25

The result of a well-controlled experiment about which the researcher can confidently state that the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable.

Answer 25

Cause-and-effect relationships

Question 26

A type of research study in which the independent variable is manipulated by the experimenter.

Answer 26

Experiment

Question 27

The alteration of a variable by an experimenter in expectation that the alteration will result in a change in the dependent variable.

Answer 27

Manipulation

Question 28

The manipulated variable in an experiment

Answer 28

Independent variable

Question 29

The measure of behavior that is expected to change as a result of changes in the independent variable. Experiment

Answer 29

Dependent variable

Question 30

In an experiment, the group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment of interest to the experimenter.

Answer 30

Experimental group

Question 31

A group of employees who do not receive a particular type of training so that their performance can be compared with that of employees who do receive training

Answer 31

Control group

Question 32

Research method in which the experimenter either does not manipulate the independent variable or in which subjects are not randomly assigned to conditions

Answer 32

Quasi-experiments

Question 33

Research that involves the use of previously collected data

Answer 33

Archival research

Question 34

Another method of conducting research is to ask people their opinion on some topic.

Answer 34

Surveys

Question 35

is a statistical method of reaching conclusions based on previous research.

Answer 35

Meta-analysis

Question 36

Used in metaanalysis, a statistic that indicates the amount of change caused by an experimental manipulation.

Answer 36

Effect size

Question 37

Used in meta-analysis, a statistic that is the average of the effect sizes for all studies included in the analysis

Answer 37

Mean effect size

Question 38

A statistic, resulting from performing a correlation, that indicates the magnitude and direction of a relationship.

Answer 38

Correlation coefficients

Question 39

A type of effect size used in meta-analysis that is signified by the letter d and indicates how many standard deviations separate the mean score for the experimental group from the control group.

Answer 39

Difference score

Question 40

The extent to which the results of a study have actual impact on human behavior

Answer 40

Practical significance

Question 41

A sample in which every member of the relevant population had an equal chance of being chosen to participate in the stud

Answer 41

Random sample

Question 42

A nonrandom research sample that is used because it is easily available

Answer 42

Convenience sample

Question 43

The random, unbiased assignment of subjects in a research sample to the various experimental and control conditions

Answer 43

Random assignment

Question 44

the subject in an experiment about the purpose of the study in which he or she was a participant and providing any other relevant information.

Answer 44

Debriefed Informing

Question 45

A statistical procedure used to measure the relationship between two variables

Answer 45

Correlation

Question 46

A third variable that can often explain the relationship between two other variables.

Answer 46

Intervening variable

Question 47

The idea that organizations tend to promote good employees until they reach the level at which they are not competent—in other words, their highest level of incompetence

Answer 47

Peter Principle

Question 48

Employees are often evaluated with forms that use such vague categories as “dependability,” “knowledge,” and “initiative.

Answer 48

Performance Appraisal

Question 49

It is useful for determining pay levels, transfers, and promotions

Answer 49

Job Classification

Question 50

Obtaining information about a job by talking to a person performing

Answer 50

Job analysis interview

Question 51

A process in which employees unofficially change their job duties to better fit their interests and skills.

Answer 51

Job Crafting

Question 52

Sources such as supervisors and incumbents who are knowledgeable about a job.

Answer 52

Subject-matter experts (SMEs)

Question 53

The person conducting the job analysis

Answer 53

Job analyst

Question 54

A group job analysis interview consisting of subject-matter experts (SMEs).

Answer 54

SME conference