Chapter 1: the Cell Flashcards
what do lysosomes do
degrading proteins, polysaccharids, nucleic acids, and phospholipids
what do peroxisomes do
site of oxidative catabolic reactions (ethanol to acetaldeehde)
What are the three types of receptors
generate internal chemical signal, function as ion channel (voltage), and internalize stimuli
the 3’-5’ cyclic adenosine monophosphate is an example of
a receptor that causes an internal chemical signal
True or false: catalytic enzymes reactions are reverseable
True
what are some ways enzyme are regulated
covalent modification, modulation of allosteric enzymes, increase in enzyme concnetration by induction
what does an oxidoreductase do
one compound is oxidized and another is reduce
what does a transferase do
the functional group is transferred from one substrate to another
what does a hydrolase do
hydrolysis of carbon bonds
what does lyases do
cleve c-c, c-s, and c-n bonds
what does isomerases do
interconversion of optical or geometrical isomers
what do ligases do
catalyze formation of c-o, c-s and c-n bonds.
what causes apoptosis
irreparable DNA damage, hypoxia, signals of cytochrom C, tumor necrosis factor bind to cell death receptors, oncosis (cellular swelling)
define activation energy
energy required to raise reactants to transition state
