Chapter 1: Textbook Notes

Question 1

What is “The Power of the Situation”

Answer 1

Patterns that people exhibit when in the same/similar situations.
Usually dictate our actions more then we think.

Question 2

What is personality?

Answer 2

as consistent behavior patterns (consistent individual differences) and intrapersonal processes (emotions, motivations etc.) originating within the individual.

Question 3

What is the psychoanalytic approach to personality?

Answer 3

unconscious minds are largely responsible for important differences in their behavior

Question 4

What is the trait approach to personality?

Answer 4

identify where a person might lie along a continuum of various personality characteristics

Question 5

What is the humanistic approach to personality?

Answer 5

personal responsibility and feelings of self-acceptance as the key causes of differences in personality

Question 6

What is the biological approach to personality?

Answer 6

inherited predispositions and physiological processes to explain individual differences in personality

Question 7

What is the Behavioral/social learning approach to personality?

Answer 7

consistent behavior patterns in terms of conditioning and expectations

Question 8

What is the cognitive approach to personality?

Answer 8

differences in the way people process information.

Question 9

What are individualistic cultures?

Answer 9

Northern European countries and the United States, place great emphasis on individual needs and accomplishments. People in these cultures like to think of themselves as independent and unique

Question 10

What are collectivistic cultures

Answer 10

concerned about belonging to a larger group, such as a family, tribe, or nation. These people are more interested in cooperation than competition. They obtain satisfaction when the group does well rather than from individual accomplishments. Many Asian, African, Central American, and South American countries fit the collectivist culture description.