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Chemistry 101 > Chapter 1: Textbook > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Textbook Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Chemistry?

A

The study of matter and its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy that is associated with those changes

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2
Q

What is Matter?

A

Anything that has mass and volume

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3
Q

What does Composition mean?

A

The types and amounts of simpler substances that make matter

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4
Q

What is a Substance?

A

A type of matter that has a defined, fixed composition

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5
Q

How do we learn about Matter?

A

By observing its properties

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6
Q

What are Properties?

A

The characteristics that give each substance its unique identity

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7
Q

What are the two types of properties?

A

Physical and Chemical

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8
Q

What are Physical properties?

A

Characteristics that a substance shows by inteselgfwithout changing or interacting with another substance

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9
Q

When does a Physical change occur?

A

When a substance alters its Physical properties , not its composition

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10
Q

What are Chemical Properties?

A

Characteristics that a substance shows as it changes into or interacts with another substance

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11
Q

What are examples of Chemical Properties?

A

Flammability
Corrosiveness
Reactivity w/ acids

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12
Q

When does a Chemical Change occur?

A

When a substance is converted into a different substance

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13
Q

what are the 4 States of Matter?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

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14
Q

What is the Fifth State of Matter?

A

Bose-Einstein Condensate which exists at extremely low temperatures

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15
Q

What is the Kinetic Energy of a Solid?

A

Low kinetic energy

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16
Q

What does the Low kinetic energy of a solid result in?

A

Strong intermolecular forces between the atoms or molecules causing it to have a fixed shape and volume

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17
Q

Why are Solids not defined by rigidity?

A

Because solid iron is rigid and hard but solid lead is flexible

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18
Q

What is the kinetic energy of Liquids when compared to solids?

A

Greater that solids

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19
Q

What is the Intermolecular Force like in liquids?

A

There are weaker intermolecular forces than in solids between atoms and molecules allowing the liquid to have a varying shape of the container

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20
Q

What is fixed in Liquids?

A

Volume

21
Q

What may vary based on gravitational force in liquids?

A

If it has an upper surface or not

22
Q

What is the kinetic Energy of a Gas in relation to liquids?

A

Gas particles have a higher kinetic energy than liquid

23
Q

What are the intermolecular forces like in Gases?

A

There are very weak intermolecular forces between the atoms or molecules allowing gases to spread indefinitely

24
Q

What do gases not have?

A

A fixed volume

25
Q

What is the Kinetic energy of a Plasma?

A

Very high; higher than gas

26
Q

How is a Plasma similar to a gas?

A

It fills it container and does not have a fixed volume (is fluid)

27
Q

How is a Plasma different from a gas?

A

It is composed of a mixture of neutral atoms, electrons, ions although although it has an overall charge of zero

28
Q

What is the charge of a Gas?

A

Neutral

29
Q

What affects plasma unlike gas?

A

Magnetic fields

30
Q

What is the most commonly encountered form of matter?

A

Plasma

31
Q

When may a plasma exhibit a coherent of collective property?

A

In the presence of an electric field

32
Q

How was BEC discovered?

A

A sample of rubidium was cooled to -273°C

33
Q

What happens in BEC?

A

The particle begin clumping together to form a superatom

34
Q

What are the Properties of BEC?

A

Superfluidity

35
Q

What is used in the flame of a lab burner?

A

Methane and Oxygen

36
Q

What is Energy defined as?

A

The ability to do work

37
Q

What is Potential Energy?

A

Energy due to the position of an object

38
Q

What is Kinetic Energy?

A

Energy due to the motion of an object

39
Q

What are the 2 rules of energy?

A

1) Total energy is always conserved

2) Situations of lower energy are more stable and favored

40
Q

What are the two types of observations?

A

Qualitative and Quantitative

41
Q

What does Qualitative refer to?

A

Things we can see, hear, smell or feel in an experiment

42
Q

What does Quantitative mean?

A

Numerical pieces of information, often called data

43
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A proposal made to explain an observation

44
Q

What is an experiment?

A

A set of procedural steps that tests a hypothesis

45
Q

How many variables does an experiment typically have?

A

2

46
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

An experiment that measures the effect of one variable or another keeping all the other variable constant

47
Q

What is a model or theory?

A

A set of conceptual assumptions that explain data from experiments and predicts phenomenons

48
Q

what is a conversion factor?

A

A ratio that is used to express a quantity in different units

49
Q

What is Systematic Error?

A

when the values produced are either higher or all lower than the actual value

Chemistry 101 (4 decks)

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