Chapter 1 Test Flashcards
In his work Leviathan, which philosopher advocated for absolute sovereign power to prevent societal chaos?
Thomas Hobbes
Which of John Locke’s works emphasized natural rights and the idea of government as a social contract?
Second Treatise of Civil Government
Who introduced the concept of separation of powers in their work The Spirit of the Laws?
Baron de Montesquieu
In The Social Contract, Rousseau argued that government should be a reflection of what?
the general will of the people
Which Founding Father was a key figure in the American Enlightenment and advocated for compromise and unity in American politics?
Benjamin Franklin
Who co-authored the Federalist Papers and championed the idea of a strong central government?
Alexander Hamilton
Which Founding Father was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and promoted democratic ideals and individual rights?
Thomas Jefferson
Who is known as the “Father of the Constitution” and played a pivotal role in drafting the Constitution and the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
Which two documents are considered the foundational texts that define the U.S. political structure and philosophy?
Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution
What theory of democracy emphasizes the role of a small number of elected leaders making decisions on behalf of the people?
Elite democracy
What are organizations that try to influence public policy in favor of their particular interest called?
Interest groups
Which model of democracy stresses the broad participation of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems?
Participatory democracy
In which political system is there no single group that dominates the political process?
Pluralist democracy
What type of democracy is founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people?
Representative democracy
Who were the opponents of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, advocating for a decentralized governmental structure?
Anti-Federalists
Who were the supporters of the U.S. Constitution, advocating for a strong federal government?
Federalists
What is the process that allows citizens to propose legislation and submit it for a vote by the electorate called?
Initiative
What is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal called?
Referendum
In Federalist No. 10, Madison argues that a large republic can better guard against what, compared to smaller republics?
the dangers of factionalism
Which Anti-Federalist paper argued against the expansive jurisdiction of the federal government?
Brutus No. 1