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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 1 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Anatomy

A

Structure

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2
Q

Definition of Physiology

A

How it works and functions

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3
Q

Subdivisions of Gross Anatomy

A

•regional anatomy
•systemic anatomy
•surface anatomy

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4
Q

Definition of regional anatomy

A

Specific regions of the body

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5
Q

Definition of systemic anatomy

A

Specific organ systems

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6
Q

Definition of surface anatomy

A

External body

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7
Q

Definition of “principle of complementarity of structure and function”

A

Structure depends on function

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8
Q

Levels of structural organization

A
  1. Chemical level
  2. Cellular level
  3. Tissue level
  4. Organ level
  5. Organ system level
  6. Organism level
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9
Q

Integumentary System

A

(defense): protect from environment, control temperature

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10
Q

Skeletal system

A

(Support and movement): support, mineral storage, makes blood

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11
Q

Muscular system

A

(Support and movement): moves, supports, makes heat

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12
Q

Nervous system

A

(Communication and integration): rapid response to stimuli, coordinate other systems

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13
Q

Endocrine system

A

(Communication and integration): cause long-term changes in activity of other systems, glands secrete hormones

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14
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

(Regulation and maintenance): transport nutrients/waste

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15
Q

Lymphatic system

A

(Defense): return fluid to circulation, specific immunity (T&B cells, antibodies)

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16
Q

Respiratory system

A

(Regulation and maintenance): gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out)

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17
Q

Digestive system

A

(Regulation and maintenance): process and absorb nutrients, eliminate solid waste

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18
Q

Urinary system

A

Regulate body fluids and PH

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19
Q

Reproductive system

A

(Reproduction and development): sex hormones, sex cells (gametes), females: also nurtures the developing embryo and infant

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20
Q

Axial part

A

Makes up the main axis of our body; head, neck, and trunk

21
Q

Appendicular part

A

Consists of the appendages or limbs

22
Q

Median (midsagittal) plane

A
23
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A
24
Q

Transverse plane

A
25
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Above

26
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Below

27
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

In front of

28
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Behind

29
Q

Medial

A

In the middle

30
Q

Lateral

A

On the outer side of

31
Q

Intermediate

A
32
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin

33
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin

34
Q

Superficial (external)

A

External

35
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Internal

36
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

•cranial cavity (brain)
•vertebral cavity (spinal cord)

37
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

•thoracic cavity
-superior mediastinum
-pleural cavity
-pericardial cavity
•diaphragm
•abdominal cavity
•pelvic cavity

38
Q

Abdominopelvic quadrants

A
39
Q

Abdominopelvic regions

A
40
Q

Other body cavities

A

•oral cavity (mouth)
•nasal cavity (nose)
•orbital cavity (eyes)
•middle ear cavities (ears)
•synovial cavities (joints)

41
Q

Survival needs

A

•nutrients
•oxygen
•water
•normal body temperature
•appropriate atmospheric pressure

42
Q

Definition of homeostasis

A

Maintaining equilibrium

43
Q

Homeostasis control: variables

A

•receptor: monitors the environment
•control center: determines the set point
•effector: response to stimuli

44
Q

Macroscopic

A

Visible by the naked eye

45
Q

Microscopic

A

The structure of an organism under a microscope

46
Q

Positive feedback

A

Growth of the output signal (increases productivity)

47
Q

Negative feedback

A

Slowing down of a process (reduces productivity)

48
Q

Example of positive/negative feedback

A

Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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