Chapter 1 Terms

Question 1

Transverse (axial/horizontal/cross-sectional) plane

Answer 1

Divides into superior and inferior sections. Top half vs bottom half of body

Question 2

Sagittal Plane

Answer 2

Creates the midline, and divides it into medial and lateral. Left vs right of body

Question 3

Frontal Plane

Answer 3

Divides into dorsal or ventral, posterior or anterior. Front vs back of body

Question 4

Anterior (Ventral)

Answer 4

In front of

Question 5

Posterior (Dorsal)

Answer 5

The back of

Question 6

Superficial

Answer 6

Closer to the surface of the body

Question 7

Deep

Answer 7

Further from the surface of the body

Question 8

Cranial

Answer 8

Closer to the head

Question 9

Caudal

Answer 9

Closer to the tailbone

Question 10

Superior

Answer 10

Toward the top of the body

Question 11

Inferior

Answer 11

Toward the bottom of the body

Question 12

Median

Answer 12

situated in the middle of the body

Question 13

Medial

Answer 13

Closer to the middle of the body

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

Further from the middle of the body

Question 15

Proximal

Answer 15

Nearer to the trunk

Question 16

Distal (digits)

Answer 16

Nearer to the fingers

Question 17

Palmar

Answer 17

Refering to the palm or anterior surface of the hand

Question 18

Plantar

Answer 18

Referring to the sole of the foot

Question 19

Ipsilateral

Answer 19

On the same side (right leg right arm)

Question 20

Contralateral

Answer 20

On opposite sides

Question 21

Syndesmosis

Answer 21

Fibrous Joints formed by interosseous membrane between radius and ulna

Question 22

Synchondrosis

Answer 22

Cartilaginous Joints. Intervertbral disc (secondary cartialgionous joint), and Epiphyseal plate (primary cartilaginous joint)

Question 23

Synovial

Answer 23

High Mobility joint, made for movement
Synovial Membrane produces synovial fluid
the fluid fills the joint cavity, acting as oil or lubricant.
Contains Fibrous capsule, is thin layer added for protection.

Question 24

Capsular Ligaments

Answer 24

Helps stabalize joints (ACL, MCL, and LCL, and Meniscus)

Question 25

Bursa

Answer 25

Sack filled with synovial membrane and synovial fluid.
Provides joint with cushion, and reduces friction
Located at high friction points

Question 26

Muscle Fascicle

Answer 26

Bundle of muscle fibers

Question 27

Muscle Fiber

Answer 27

Made up of Muscle cells made of myofibrils.
Every myofibril made up of sarcomeres.
Sarcomeres shorten, causes myofibrils to contract, causes muscle cell to contract, causes muscle to contract pulling the tendon which pulls the bone.

Question 28

Circular Muscle

Answer 28

Example: Orbicularis Oris
Muscle fibers attach in a circle
Shrinks opening

Question 29

Parellel Fusiform, Unipennate, Parallel non fusiform

Answer 29

Example: Biceps Brachii
unidirectional movement
one strong pull, pulling everything together

Question 30

Convergent

Answer 30

Example: Pectoralis Major
Adjusted angle of movement (moderate)
Wide spread attachment at origin, to a narrow insertion

Question 31

Multipennate

Answer 31

Example: Deltoid
Gives multiple different functions or movements, with the same muscle

Question 32

Bipennate

Answer 32

Example: Rectus Femoris
Mild ability to adjust angle

Question 33

Prime Mover

Answer 33

Primary functioning muscle, doing the most work

Question 34

Synergist
(fixator)

Answer 34

Assisting the prime mover
Does it by stabilization

Question 35

Antagonist

Answer 35

Opposition, opposes the prime mover
Required for smooth controlled movement

Question 36

Thoracic Duct

Answer 36

Right and Left, dumps stuff that cant drain into large veins.

Question 37

Cisterna Chyli

Answer 37

The beginning of lymphatic duct

Question 38

Gray Matter vs White Matter

Answer 38

Gray matter: cell bodys, dendrites, unmyelinated axons. (processing center)

White matter: myelinated axons, strictly relay.