Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards
Know definition, spatial location, function, innervation, and blood supply of each structure
Transverse (axial/horizontal/cross-sectional) plane
Divides into superior and inferior sections. Top half vs bottom half of body
Sagittal Plane
Creates the midline, and divides it into medial and lateral. Left vs right of body
Frontal Plane
Divides into dorsal or ventral, posterior or anterior. Front vs back of body
Anterior (Ventral)
In front of
Posterior (Dorsal)
The back of
Superficial
Closer to the surface of the body
Deep
Further from the surface of the body
Cranial
Closer to the head
Caudal
Closer to the tailbone
Superior
Toward the top of the body
Inferior
Toward the bottom of the body
Median
situated in the middle of the body
Medial
Closer to the middle of the body
Lateral
Further from the middle of the body
Proximal
Nearer to the trunk
Distal (digits)
Nearer to the fingers
Palmar
Refering to the palm or anterior surface of the hand
Plantar
Referring to the sole of the foot
Ipsilateral
On the same side (right leg right arm)
Contralateral
On opposite sides
Syndesmosis
Fibrous Joints formed by interosseous membrane between radius and ulna
Synchondrosis
Cartilaginous Joints. Intervertbral disc (secondary cartialgionous joint), and Epiphyseal plate (primary cartilaginous joint)
Synovial
High Mobility joint, made for movement
Synovial Membrane produces synovial fluid
the fluid fills the joint cavity, acting as oil or lubricant.
Contains Fibrous capsule, is thin layer added for protection.
Capsular Ligaments
Helps stabalize joints (ACL, MCL, and LCL, and Meniscus)
Bursa
Sack filled with synovial membrane and synovial fluid.
Provides joint with cushion, and reduces friction
Located at high friction points
Muscle Fascicle
Bundle of muscle fibers
Muscle Fiber
Made up of Muscle cells made of myofibrils.
Every myofibril made up of sarcomeres.
Sarcomeres shorten, causes myofibrils to contract, causes muscle cell to contract, causes muscle to contract pulling the tendon which pulls the bone.
Circular Muscle
Example: Orbicularis Oris
Muscle fibers attach in a circle
Shrinks opening
Parellel Fusiform, Unipennate, Parallel non fusiform
Example: Biceps Brachii
unidirectional movement
one strong pull, pulling everything together
Convergent
Example: Pectoralis Major
Adjusted angle of movement (moderate)
Wide spread attachment at origin, to a narrow insertion
Multipennate
Example: Deltoid
Gives multiple different functions or movements, with the same muscle
Bipennate
Example: Rectus Femoris
Mild ability to adjust angle
Prime Mover
Primary functioning muscle, doing the most work
Synergist
(fixator)
Assisting the prime mover
Does it by stabilization
Antagonist
Opposition, opposes the prime mover
Required for smooth controlled movement
Thoracic Duct
Right and Left, dumps stuff that cant drain into large veins.
Cisterna Chyli
The beginning of lymphatic duct
Gray Matter vs White Matter
Gray matter: cell bodys, dendrites, unmyelinated axons. (processing center)
White matter: myelinated axons, strictly relay.
