Chapter 1 Systems Flashcards by Lee Ann

Inspection

The first non-invasive technique observation of the body

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Auscultation

To listen to body sounds to evaluate function of certain organs, often with stethoscope

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Palpation

To touch, feel surface with hands

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Noninvasive diagnostic technique

One that does not involve the insertion of an instrument or device through the skin or into a body opening

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Percussion

examiner taps on the body surface with finger tips and listens to the resulting echo

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Atoms

The smallest unit of matter

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Molecules

Two or more Atoms joined together

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Chemical level

Atoms and molecules smallest units of matter compared like the letters of the alphabet at the chemical level

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Cellular level

Molecules combined to form cells

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Cell

Basic structural and functional units of an organism composed of chemicals

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Tissue level of structural organization

Groups of cells and materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function

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Frontal

Coronal

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The chemical level Of structural organization

Includes Adams the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions and molecules which are two or more Adams joined together this is the chemical level

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What is the tissue level of structural organization

Groups of cells and materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function similar to the way words are put together to form a sentence

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What is the organ level of structural organization

The organ level, two or more different types of tissues are joined together similar in the relationship between sentences and paragraphs organs are structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissue and usually have a recognizable shapes and specific functions

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What is the system level of structural organization in the body also called organ system level

The system consists of related organs with common function such as a Digestive system which breaks down and absorbs food includes organs like the mouth salvary glands throat esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine liver gallbladder pancreas

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The organismal level of structural organization in the human body

All the parts of the human body function together constitute the total organism the largest organizational level is the organismal level

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Anatomy

Study of the structure of the body and body parts and their spatial relationships to one another

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Physiology

The functions of a particular organ or structure even at the cellular or molecular levels

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Gross anatomy

Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

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Regional anatomy

Study all the structures in the body region ; head, thorax, foot etc.

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Systemic anatomy

Organ systems

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Surface or topographical anatomy

Studying internal body structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

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Microscopic anatomy

Use of a microscope

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Histology

Study of tissues

Cytology

Study of cells

Developmental anatomy

From conception to old age

Embryology

Study of process of development from conception to birth

Gerontology

Study of aging

What is anatomical position

Body erect face forward arms down and palms forward all directions begin from this position

Sagittal plane or section

Divides into left and right portions

Coronal or frontal Plane or sections

Divides Into anterior and posterior

Transverse or axial or cross-section planes/sections

Divides Into superior and Inferior

Superior

Above or higher position towards the head not used to reference positions on the limbs ex; the heart is superior to liver

Directional terms opposite of anterior

Posterior

Directional term The opposite of medial

Lateral

Directional terms what is the opposite of superficial

Deep

Directional terms the opposite of proximal. (Top) appendages only

Distal (below). Appendages only

Medial

The midline. Middle

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

Responsiveness

The bodies ability to detect and respond to changes in his internal or external environment

Movement

Includes motion of the whole body individual organ single cells and even structures inside sales

Growth

An increase in body size

Differentiation

The process unspecialized cells go through to become specialized cells

Reproduction

The formation of new cells for growth repair or replacement or the production of a new individual

Prone position

Anatomical position where the body is lying face down reclining

Supine position

The body is lying face up

What are the 6 levels of structural organization in the human body

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system and organismal levels

Cranial

Relating to the skull or head ; towards the head such as the stomach is more cranial than the urinary bladder

Inferior

Below or in lower position ;not used in reference of limbs

Rostral

Relating to nose and mouth region toward the face

Caudal

Relating to the tail at or near the tail or posterior part of the body

Nearer to or at the front of the body

Posterior

Nearer to or at the back of the body

Ventral

Relating to the belly side of the body ; toward the belly used synonymously with anterior in human anatomy

Dorsal

Relating to the back side of the body ; Toward the back . used synonymously with posterior in human anatomy

Medial

Nearer to the midline

Lateral

Farther from the midline

Intermediate

Between two structures

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body's midline as another structure

Contralateral

On the opposite side of the body's midline from another structure

Proximal

Nearer to the origination of a structure

Distal

Farther from the origination of a structure

Superficial

Toward or on the surface of the body

Deep

Away from the surface of the body

External

Toward the outside of the structure typically use when describing relationships of individual organs

Internal

Toward the inside of the structure is typically used when describing relationships of individual organs

Body cavity

Spaces within the body that help protect separate and support internal organs. bones, muscles and ligaments separate areas body cavities from one another

Mediastinum

The central portion of the thoracic cavity between the medial walls of the two plural cavities and extend from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm

Pericardial cavity

The space that surrounds the heart and contains a small amount of lubricating fluid

Abdominopelvic cavity

Extends from the diaphragm to the groin and is encircled by the abdominal muscle wall and bones and muscles of the pelvis

Viscera

Organs inside the thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities are termed the viscera

Chapter 1 Systems Flashcards

(72 cards)