Chapter 1 - Studying Life

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

Unicellular organisms with a single membrane and no nucleus

Question 2

Eukaryotes

Answer 2

Multicellular organisms that contain organelles and a nucleus

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

The transformation of sunlight into a form of energy (i.e. sugars) that powers the synthesis of large molecules

Question 4

Cyanobacteria

Answer 4

The only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen

Question 5

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 5

A biochemical process that uses O2 to extract energy from nutrient molecules; more efficient than anaerobic metabolism

Question 6

Anaerobic Metabolism

Answer 6

A biochemical process that does not use O2 to extract energy from nutrient molecules

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

Sum total of all DNA molecules contained in each of its cells

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

Chemical made of two strands of linked sequences of nucleotides

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

Specific segments of DNA that provides instructions to create amino acids and form them into proteins

Question 10

Protein

Answer 10

Info stored in DNA is transcribed to RNA, and translated into a protein structure

Question 11

Cell Differentiation

Answer 11

Process by which cells change in structure and become capable of carrying out specialized functions

Question 12

Mutation

Answer 12

Error in replication of the genome to create new cells; can be beneficial or harmful

Question 13

Natural Selection

Answer 13

Differential survival and reproduction among individuals in a population

Question 14

Adaptation

Answer 14

Structure, physiological or behavioral traits that increases an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction

Question 15

Species

Answer 15

Geographic isolation among populations that evolved differences

Question 16

Three Domains of Life

Answer 16

Archaea, bacteria, eukarya

Question 17

Tissues

Answer 17

assemblage of differentiated cells to work together (i.e. muscle cells, brain cells)

Question 18

Organs

Answer 18

Differentiated tissue types

Question 19

Organ systems

Answer 19

Interrelated organs

Question 20

Homeostasis

Answer 20

Regulation of the internal environment to enable cells to function efficiently and to survive

Question 21

Model Systems

Answer 21

Knowledge gained from investigations of one type of organism can be generalized to other organisms