Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Education > Chapter 1 Skeletal and muscular system > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Skeletal and muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

The bones of the upper and lower limbs and their girdles that join to the axial skeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Axial skeleton

A

This forms the long axis of the body and includes the bones of the skull, spine and rib cage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ligament

A

A tough band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches one bone to another. it binds at the ends of bones together to prevent dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tendon

A

A very strong connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Skeleton

A

The bony framework upon which the rest of the body is built.:

  • Provides attachments for the muscular system
  • carries and protects the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

This attaches to and moves the skeleton. it is often termed as striated muscles because it had obvious stripes on it causing by the long muscle fibers of which it is composed.it is also known a s voluntary muscles as they are the only muscles which are under our voluntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Joint

A

A place on the body where two or more bones meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many bones are there in the human body?

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are bones made of?

A

Bones are made of:

-collagen fibers which contain minerals mainly, mainly calcium salts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many shafts does the long bone consist of and what are their names?

A

3 shafts one called the diaphysis (middle) and two ends which are both called Epiphysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is at the end of the Epiphysis and what is its purpose?

A

Articular/Hyaline cartilage, which acts as a cushion to absorb shock and also prevent friction during joint movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of bone marrow?

A

to generate new blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diaphysis

A

the shaft or middle part of a long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epiphysis

A

the end portion of a long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bone Marrow

A

Connective tissue found int the spaces inside bone that is the site of blood cell production and fat storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Growth plate

A

Area of growing tissue near the end of the long bones in children and adolescents, often refered to as the epiphyseal plate.When physical maturity is reached the growth plate is replaced by solid bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Articular/ hyaline cartilage

A

A thin layer of glassy-smooth cartilage that is quite spongy and covers the end of bones at a joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 different class of joint?

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four main features of a synovial joint?

A

1 ligament: connects bone to bone
2 synovial fluid: to reduce friction between the articular cartilage in the joint
3 Hyaline cartilage: to absorb shock and prevent friction between the ends of the bones in the joint
4 joint capsule: the fibrous capsule helps to strengthen the joint, while the synovial membrane lines the joint and secretes synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Joint cavity

A

a space within a synovial joint contains synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bursa

A

a flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial fluid that contains a thin film of synovial fluid. its function is to prevent friction at sites in the body where ligaments, muscles, tendons or bones might rub together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meniscus

A

a wedge of white fibrocartilage that improves the fit between adjacent bone ends, making the joint more stable and reducing wear and tear on joint surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pad of fat

A

A fatty pad that provides cushioning between the fibrous capsule and a bone or muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 5 different synovial joints and where they can be found?

A 
ball and socket joint: hip/ shoulder
Hinge joint: Elbow/knee/ankle
Pivot: radio-ular/Spine
Condyloid: wrist
gliding;Spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Anatomical position

A

An upright standing position with head, shoulders, chest, palms of hands, hips, knees and toes facing forwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Anterior

A

towards the front of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

posterior

A

towards the back of the body

28
Q

Superior

A

towards the head or upper part of the body

29
Q

inferior

A

towards the feet or lower part of the body

30
Q

medial

A

towards the middle of the body

31
Q

Lateral

A

towards the outside of the body

32
Q

Flexion of a joint

A

makes a body part move in a forwards direction from the anatomical position.

33
Q

Extension of a joint

A

makes a body part move in a backwards direction (knee only exception, flexion knee moves backwards extension knee moves forwards.)

34
Q

Horizontal flexion

A

is when the shoulder joint is already flexed with arm parallel to the ground and the shoulder joint moves to the middle of the body

35
Q

Circumduction

A

circumduction of a joint makes a body part move from the anatomical position, describing a cone shape.the joint performing circumduction stays still while the furthest end of the body part moves in a circle.

36
Q

Pronation

A

Pronation of the radio-ulnar joint makes the palm move to face backwards or downwards (only occurs at the radio-ulnar joint.)

37
Q

Supination

A

Supination of the radio-ulnar joint is with the palm facing forwards or upwards (only occurs at the radio-ulnar joint.) tip: ‘Sup’ination =carrying a bowl of soup

38
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Lateral flexion is an anatomical term unique to the spine. it involves bending the spine sideways as you might do as part of a warm up to mobilise your spine.

39
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint makes the foot move towards the shin as when you walk on your heels.(only occurs at the ankle joint.)

40
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Plantar flexion of the ankle joint makes the foot move away from the shin as when you walk on your tiptoes.(only occurs at the ankle joint.) Tip; ‘P”lantar flexion = p for point

41
Q

Joints and the movements possible.

A

1.wrist: flexion and extension
2. radio-ulnar : pronation and supination
3. elbow; flexion and extension
4.shoulder: flexion and extension
Horizontal flexion and horizontal extension
Adduction and abduction
Rotation
Circumduction
5.Spine: flexion and extension
Lateral flexion
6.Hip: flexion and extension
Adduction and abduction
Rotation
7.Knee:flexion extension
8.Ankle:Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

42
Q

Origin

A

Point of attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction

43
Q

Insertion

A

point of attachment of a muscle that tend to move toward the origin during muscular contraction.

44
Q

Antagonistic muscle action

A

As one muscle shortens to produce movement, another muscle lengthens to allow that movement to take place

45
Q

Agonist muscle

A

The muscle that is directly responsible for the movement at a joint

46
Q

Antagonist muscle

A

the muscle that has an action opposite to that or the agonist and helps in the production of a coordinated movement

47
Q

Core stability

A

The ability of your trunk to support the forces from your arms legs during different types of physical activity. it enables joints and muscles to work in their safest and most efficient positions, therefore reducing the risk of` injury

48
Q

isotonic contraction

A

Tension is produced in the muscle while there is a change in muscle length. it is a dynamic contraction because the joint will move

49
Q

Isometric contraction

A

tension is produced in the muscle but there is no change in muscle length . it is a static contraction because the joint wil stay iin the same position

50
Q

concentric contraction

A

A type of isotonic contraction that involves the muscle shortening while producing tension

51
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

A type of isotonic contraction that involves the muscle lengthening while producing tension

52
Q

muscle fiber

A

A long cylindrical muscle cell. muscle fibers are held together in bundles to make up an individual skeletal muscle

53
Q

Slow twitch muscle fibre

A

Is a type of muscle fiber associated with aerobic work. it produces a small force over a long period of time: high resistance to fatigue. it suited to endurance based activities. e.g. marathon running.

54
Q

Fast twitch muscle fibre

A

Is a type of muscle fiber associated with anaerobic work. it produces a large force over a short period of time : low resistance to fatigue. it is suited to power based activities, e.g. power lifting and sprinting.

55
Q

What are the two different types of fast twitch muscle fibers

A
  • Fast oxidative glycolytic (type 2a/FOG)
  • Fast glycolytic (type 2b/FG)
  • FOG fibers have a slightly greater resistance to fatigue than FG fibers.
56
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

Is performed in the presence of oxygen at a submaximal intensity over a prolonged period of time, e.g rowing

57
Q

Anaerobic exercise

A

Is performed in the absence of oxygen at a maximal intensity that can only be sustained for a short period of time due to the buildup of lactic acid, e.g. sprinting

58
Q

Warm up

A

Light aerobic exercise that takes place prior to physical activity, normally including some light exercise to elevate the heart rate, muscle and core body temperature, some mobilising exercises for the joints, some stretching exercises fort the muscles and connective tissue and some easy rehearsal of the skills to follow

59
Q

Cool down

A

low intensity aerobic exercise that takes place after physical activity and facilitates the recovery process

60
Q

Effect of a warm up on skeletal muscle tissue

A

An increase in core body temperature will produce the following effects on skeletal muscle tissue:

  1. a reduction in muscle viscosity, leading to an improvement in the efficiency of muscular contractions.
  2. a greater speed and force of contraction due to a higher speed of nerve transmission
  3. an increased flexibility that reduces the risk of injury due to increased extensibility of tendons and ligaments
61
Q

Effect of a cool down on skeletal muscle tissue

A
  1. an increase in speed of removal of lactic acid and carbon dioxide that raise the acidity levels of the muscle and affect pain receptors due to oxygen rich blood being flushed through the muscle
  2. a decrease in the risk of DOMS which is the muscular pain experienced 24-28 hours after intense exercise due to microscopic tears in the muscle fibers.
62
Q

Osteoporosis

A

weakening of bones caused by a reduction in bone density making them prone to fracture

63
Q

Sedentary

A

an inactive lifestyle with little or no exercise

64
Q

osteoarthritis

A

A degenerative joint disease caused by a loss of articular cartilage at the ends of long bones in a joint. it causes pain, swelling and reduced motion in your joints

65
Q

Bone spurs

A

Are small projections of bone that form around joints due to damage to the joint’s surface, most commonly caused from the onset of osteoarthritis. they limit movement and cause pain in the joint

66
Q

Joint stability

A

This refers to the resistance offered by various musculo-skeletal tissue than surround a joint

67
Q

Muscle tone

A

The continual state of partial contraction of a muscle that helps to maintain posture.

Physical Education (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions