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HLT116 > Chapter 1: Self, Family, and Community > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Self, Family, and Community Flashcards

1
Q

Define Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being, not merely the absence of disease

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2
Q

Define well-being

A

A relative state. A sense of how you feel and think your life is going

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3
Q

Physical Health

A

Biological integrity

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4
Q

Mental Health

A

Emotional and intellectual capabilities; or an individual’s subjective sense of well-being

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5
Q

Social Health

A

the ability to interact effectively with others and the social environment.

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6
Q

Spiritual Health

A

one’s connectedness to self, to significant others, and to the community.

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7
Q

Sociological model of health

A

identifies the complex levels and interrelationships that influence your health.
Your unique set of characteristics.
Your social and physical environments.

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8
Q

Social determinants of health

A

external factors that influence an individual’s health
economic status, educational attainment, literacy, working conditions, housing, transportation, social support networks and access to healthcare services

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9
Q

Environmental Factors that influence health

A

Built Factors: human-made components. Housing, traffic, schools, sanitation
Natural Factors: Air, water quality, weather, environmental hazards, natural settings

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10
Q

Population Health

A

the study of health outcomes in or between groups of people

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11
Q

Health Disparities

A

differences in health outcomes between specific groups of people (such as racial/ethnic groups)

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12
Q

Ethnicity

A

Sense of identity drawn from a common ancestry

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13
Q

Race

A

Physical characteristics such as skin color and facial features

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14
Q

Public health

A

A discipline that focuses on the health of populations of people

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15
Q

Health promotion

A

Actions designed to maintain current health conditions or encourage a better one

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16
Q

Disease prevention

A

Defensive actions to ward off illness

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17
Q

Public health systems

A

Government, private, and voluntary agencies

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18
Q

Federal agencies

A

Department of health and human services: CDC, FDA, NIH, IHS

19
Q

Community

A

Interdependence between people and organizations in a particular region

20
Q

Community Health

A

activities directed towards improving health of people within a community

21
Q

Health-Related Behavior choices

A

actions a person takes that affects their health (food choices, exercise, etc..)

22
Q

Health-Belief Model

A

a framework for understanding why people make certain health choices

23
Q

Perceptions that influence health behavious

A

-Perceived Susceptibility (Do you believe you are at risk for a problem?)
-Perceived seriousness of consequences
-Perceived benefits of specific action
-Perceived barriers to taking action

24
Q

The Stages of Change Model

A

change happens as a process- not a one-time event.

25
Q

The Stages of Change

A

Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination

26
Q

Health Literacy

A

Ability to read, understand and act on health information

27
Q

Health Risk

A

probability of exposure to a health hazard with negative consequences

28
Q

Factors contributing to health risk

A

age, gender, behaviors, family history, income, education, geographical location, etc..

29
Q

Basic Medical Research

A

conducts work on a cellular level or in animals. Contributes to a baseline of scientific knowledge.

30
Q

Epidemiological Studies

A

Scientists use interviews, surveys, and measurements to study large groups of people (cohorts) to identify relationships between risk factors and disease over time

31
Q

Clinical Studies

A

scientists study people receiving treatment, screening, diagnostic test or other intervention to identify if it produces a particular effect

32
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

genetic instructions stored within the nucleus of a cell. consists of two large strands arranged in a double helix.

33
Q

Building Blocks of DNA

A

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)

C —- G
A —- T

34
Q

Genome

A

a total set of an organism’s DNA
DNA is divided into 23 pairs of chromosomes (one set comes from each parent)

35
Q

Chromosome

A

the gene carrying structure found within the nucleus, composed of DNA molecules

36
Q

Female chromosomes

A

XX

37
Q

Male chromosomes

A

XY

38
Q

Gene

A

A-T-G-C DNA combinations
Each chromosome contains hundreds of genes

39
Q

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

A

Protein-coding templates
RNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids, creating a protein with a specific function

40
Q

Differentiation

A

process by which an unspecialized cell divides and gives rise to a specialized cell

41
Q

Stem Cell

A

Undifferentiated cell that is capable of giving rise to various specialized cells

42
Q

Mutation

A

an alteration in the DNA sequence of a gene. the change of sequences causes different instructions to be sent to cells.
Not all mutations are harmful

43
Q

Allele

A

alternative forms of a gene

44
Q

Multifactorial disorder

A

health conditions are caused by interactions between genes, environment, and health behaviors

HLT116 (3 decks)

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