Chapter 1: Sections 1.1, 1.2, 1.3: The Science of Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Describe the science of anatomy
Anatomy studies the form and structure of the body
Describe the science of physiology
Physiology examines how the body functions
List the subdivisions in microscopic anatomy
Cytology and histology
What is cytology?
The study of cells and their internal structure
What is histology?
The study of tissues
List the subdivisions in gross anatomy
Systemic anatomy Regional anatomy Surface anatomy Comparative anatomy Embryology
What is systemic anatomy?
Studies the anatomy of each functional body system
What is regional anatomy?
Examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body
What is surface anatomy?
Focuses on superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them
What is comparative anatomy?
Examines similarities and differences in anatomy of different species
What is embryology?
Studies developmental changes from conception to birth
List the subdivisions of physiology
Cardiovascular physiology Neurophysiology Respiratory physiology Reproductive physiology Pathophysiology
Explain how the studies of form and function are interrelated
Structure and function are inseparable. Together, they provide the basis of understanding health and human performance.
List characteristics common to al living things
Exhibit organization Engage in metabolism (anabolism/catabolism) All grow and develop Exhibit responsiveness Exhibit regulation All reproduce
Body levels of organization from simplest to most complex
Chemical Level Cellular Level Tissue Level Organ Level Organ System Level Organismal Level
Chemical level includes…
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelles
Cellular level includes…
The smallest living structures. A cell
Tissue level includes…
Tissues, groups of similar cells performing a common function
What are the four types of tissues?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Function of epithelial tissue
Covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities
Function of connective tissue
Protects, supports, and binds structures and organs
Function of muscle tissue
Produces movement
Function of nervous tissue
Conducts nerve impulses
Organ Level includes…
Organs, two or more tissue types performing a specific function. i.e: The small intestine is compose of all four tissue types, working to process and absorb digested nutrients.
Organ system level includes…
Related organs that work together to achieve a common function. i.e: Digestive system work together to digest food, absorb nutrients, and expel waste products.
Organismal level includes…
All body functions are working interdependently in an organism, the living being
Name all eleven organ systems
Integumentary System Skeletal system Muscular system Nervous system Endocrine system Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system Respiratory system Urinary system Digestive system Reproductive system
Function of Integumentary system
Provides protection, regulated body temperature, houses cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, and prevent water loss.
Function of Skeletal system
Provides support and protection, is the sire of blood cell production, and stores calcium and phosphorus.
Function of Muscular system
Produces body movement and generates heat
Function of Nervous system
Controls body movement, responds to sensory stimuli, and is responsible for consciousness, intelligence, and memory.
Function of Endocrine system
Secretes hormones, which perform a variety of funtions
Function of Cardiovascular system
Moves blood through blood vessels to distribute nutrients, gases, hormones, and pick up waste products
Function of Lymphatic system
Transports and filters lymph and participates in immune response
Function of Respiratory system
Is responsible for exchange of gases between blood and the air
Function of Urinary system
Filters blood, removes waste products, and expels urine
Function of Digestive system
Digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products
Function of Reproductive system (Male)
Produces male sex cells and hormones and transfers sperm to the female
Function of Reproductive system (Female)
Produces female sex cells and hormones and is the site of fertilization and growth of the embryo and fetus