Chapter 1: Sections 1.1, 1.2, 1.3: The Science of Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Describe the science of anatomy

Answer 1

Anatomy studies the form and structure of the body

Question 2

Describe the science of physiology

Answer 2

Physiology examines how the body functions

Question 3

List the subdivisions in microscopic anatomy

Answer 3

Cytology and histology

Question 4

What is cytology?

Answer 4

The study of cells and their internal structure

Question 5

What is histology?

Answer 5

The study of tissues

Question 6

List the subdivisions in gross anatomy

Answer 6

Systemic anatomy 
Regional anatomy
Surface anatomy
Comparative anatomy
Embryology

Question 7

What is systemic anatomy?

Answer 7

Studies the anatomy of each functional body system

Question 8

What is regional anatomy?

Answer 8

Examines all of the structures in a particular region of the body

Question 9

What is surface anatomy?

Answer 9

Focuses on superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them

Question 10

What is comparative anatomy?

Answer 10

Examines similarities and differences in anatomy of different species

Question 11

What is embryology?

Answer 11

Studies developmental changes from conception to birth

Question 12

List the subdivisions of physiology

Answer 12

Cardiovascular physiology 
Neurophysiology
Respiratory physiology
Reproductive physiology
Pathophysiology

Question 13

Explain how the studies of form and function are interrelated

Answer 13

Structure and function are inseparable. Together, they provide the basis of understanding health and human performance.

Question 14

List characteristics common to al living things

Answer 14

Exhibit organization
Engage in metabolism (anabolism/catabolism)
All grow and develop
Exhibit responsiveness
Exhibit regulation
All reproduce

Question 15

Body levels of organization from simplest to most complex

Answer 15

Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organismal Level

Question 16

Chemical level includes…

Answer 16

Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelles

Question 17

Cellular level includes…

Answer 17

The smallest living structures. A cell

Question 18

Tissue level includes…

Answer 18

Tissues, groups of similar cells performing a common function

Question 19

What are the four types of tissues?

Answer 19

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 20

Function of epithelial tissue

Answer 20

Covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities

Question 21

Function of connective tissue

Answer 21

Protects, supports, and binds structures and organs

Question 22

Function of muscle tissue

Answer 22

Produces movement

Question 23

Function of nervous tissue

Answer 23

Conducts nerve impulses

Question 24

Organ Level includes…

Answer 24

Organs, two or more tissue types performing a specific function. i.e: The small intestine is compose of all four tissue types, working to process and absorb digested nutrients.

Question 25

Organ system level includes...

Answer 25

Related organs that work together to achieve a common function. i.e: Digestive system work together to digest food, absorb nutrients, and expel waste products.

Question 26

Organismal level includes...

Answer 26

All body functions are working interdependently in an organism, the living being

Question 27

Name all eleven organ systems

Answer 27

``` Integumentary System Skeletal system Muscular system Nervous system Endocrine system Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system Respiratory system Urinary system Digestive system Reproductive system ```

Question 28

Function of Integumentary system

Answer 28

Provides protection, regulated body temperature, houses cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, and prevent water loss.

Question 29

Function of Skeletal system

Answer 29

Provides support and protection, is the sire of blood cell production, and stores calcium and phosphorus.

Question 30

Function of Muscular system

Answer 30

Produces body movement and generates heat

Question 31

Function of Nervous system

Answer 31

Controls body movement, responds to sensory stimuli, and is responsible for consciousness, intelligence, and memory.

Question 32

Function of Endocrine system

Answer 32

Secretes hormones, which perform a variety of funtions

Question 33

Function of Cardiovascular system

Answer 33

Moves blood through blood vessels to distribute nutrients, gases, hormones, and pick up waste products

Question 34

Function of Lymphatic system

Answer 34

Transports and filters lymph and participates in immune response

Question 35

Function of Respiratory system

Answer 35

Is responsible for exchange of gases between blood and the air

Question 36

Function of Urinary system

Answer 36

Filters blood, removes waste products, and expels urine

Question 37

Function of Digestive system

Answer 37

Digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products

Question 38

Function of Reproductive system (Male)

Answer 38

Produces male sex cells and hormones and transfers sperm to the female

Question 39

Function of Reproductive system (Female)

Answer 39

Produces female sex cells and hormones and is the site of fertilization and growth of the embryo and fetus