chapter 1 - science inquiry Flashcards
1
Q
what are types of investigations
A
- observations, controlled experiments, surveys, trial and error, case studies and longitudinal studies
2
Q
planning: what is a literature review
A
- survey that has been written containing material / information about the subject under consideration
3
Q
planning: how do safety and ethics play a role
A
- S: must present no danger to participants / investigators, includes physical / mental safety
- E: voluntary participation, informed consent, knowledge of risk of harm and confidentiality
4
Q
observations: what is qualitative and quantitative data
A
- qualitative: made subjectively, observations
- quantitative: using numbers / measurement (calculations)
5
Q
what is a hypothesis
A
- short, succinct, simple and definite statement that links two variables
- can be disproved or supported but never proved
6
Q
designing: what is / are the types of variables
A
- any factor that may change during an experiment
- independent, dependent, controlled and uncontrolled
7
Q
conducting: what is validity, reliability and objectivity
A
- V: extent to which experiment tests what it is supposed to test (experimental errors)
- R: extent to which experiment gives the same results each time, suggest ways to make more accurate (sample size / repeated trials)
- O: not allowing your thoughts or feelings to influence how you interpret / record validation (double blind experiment)
8
Q
conducting: what is a peer review
A
- scientists evaluate eachother work
- aim to ensure it is rigorous, coherent, uses past research, adds to what we know, isn’t repeating past findings
9
Q
how does one record and analyse data
A
- R: words, diagrams, measurements, graphs (independent v. on horizontal axis)
- A: comparing control and experimental groups, effect of independent v (discussion)
10
Q
what is a scientific experiment
A
- a way of testing an idea or answer to a question, results will support or disprove idea
- leads to modification or extension of experiment
