CHAPTER 1 ( SCIENCE ) : Animal and Plant cells / Specialised cells / Level of organisation within organisms Flashcards
Level of organisation…
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ system
- Organisms
Cells —>
Tissues –>
Organs –>
Organ systems –>
Organisms –>
Smallest unit of living things
A group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
Group of tissues that work together with related function
An organ system is a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions.
Highest level of organisation and has a cellular structure.
__________ are the MOST specialised.
Organisms
__________ are the LEAST specialised
Cells
4 types of tissues…
Nerve tissue
Muscular tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
3 organs found in the digestive system…
Small intestines
Large intestines
Stomach
6 organ systems…
respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, excretory system, muscular system, nervous system
What functions do red blood cells have? Where can you find it?
*Carries oxygen around the
body
*It does not contain a
nucleus
*Cytoplasm contains red
pigment called
haemoglobin
I can find red blood cells in animals and humans.
What shape does red blood cells have?
*Has a biconcave disc shape
*Very small, so they can
squeeze through even the
tiniest blood vessels
What functions neurons (nerve cells) have? Where can you find it?
*They transfer messages
from one part of the body to
another
*There are electrical signals
flow quickly along the
strand
I can find it in human’s brain and spinal cord.
What adaptations do neurons (nerve cells) have?
- thin, can be more than 1 metre long
- can carry messages up and down the body over large distances
- short and long strands of cytoplasm branched at each end, which is joined to other nerve cells to pass electrical signals around the body
What are the functions of Ciliated cells? Where can you find it?
sweep mucus, trap dust and bacteria up to the back of the throat, where it can be swallowed
I can find it in our throat and nose.
What are the adaptations of Ciliated cells?
Cells that contain cilia, which are tiny hair-like structure on the surface of the cell
What are the functions of Root hair cells? Where can I find it?
*Found in roots of plants
*Grow from the surface layer
of a root
*They absorb water from the
soil very well
I can find it in roots of the plant.
What are the adaptations of Root hair cells?
*Root hair cells have a long, thin extension that allows for the movement of water from soil into the cell
*Unlike other plant cells,
root hair cells do not
contain chloroplast
What are Palisade cells (leave cells)? Where can you find it?
*Palisade cells are plant cells
*Located on the surface of
leaves
*Site where photosynthesis
occurs
What are the adaptations of Palisade cells (leave cells)?
contains a lot of Chloroplast
Why root hair cells do not contain any chloroplast?
root hair cells do not have access to sunlight
Cells that are specialised _____ that enable them to perform specific functions.
contain adaptations
Chloroplast is usually found in abundance inside a ______
Palisade cell
Animal cells contains?
Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria
ANIMAL CELLS Nucleus --> Mitochondria --> Cytoplasm --> Cell membrane -->
Controls all activities of the cells
Creates energy for the cell
It is a site where chemical reactions take place
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Plant cells contains?
Chloroplast, Nucleus, Large vacuole, Cytoplasm, Cell wall, Cell Membrane
PLANT CELLS Nucleus --> Cell wall --> Cytoplasm --> Cell membrane --> Large vacuole --> Chloroplast -->
Controls all activities of the cells
Holds the cell in shape
It is a site where chemical reactions take place
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Stores sugary solution called “cell sap”
Where plants make their food
What organelle supports and surrounds plant cells?
Cell Wall
What is an organelle?
organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform IN THE CELL
What is a cellulose?
cellulose is a molecule, consisting of hundreds and sometimes even thousands of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Cellulose is the main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright.
Plant cells have a ____ shape
definite/regular
Animal cells does not have a _____ shape
indefinite/irregular
