Chapter 1: Roots of Psychobiology and Building a Biopsychosocial Perspective

Question 1

What is the idea that all human behavior is innate, determined by genes, brain size, or other biological attributes?

Answer 1

Biological determinism

Question 2

Many psychiatrists lean toward ____ ____ and ____ approaches to treatment.

Answer 2

biological determinism

pharmaceutical

Question 3

The philosophical foundation of biological determinism can be conceptualized in a more general sense by the term ____ .

Answer 3

reductionism

Question 4

Psychology is the study of ____

Answer 4

behavior

Question 5

Within a given species, there is ____ . This means that each organism is unique in its ____ .

Answer 5

diversity

traits

Question 6

What is the proportion of genes represented in subsequent generations?

Answer 6

Fitness

Question 7

What traits determined by the organism’s genotype as it interacts with its environment?

Answer 7

phenotypic

Question 8

What is an individual’s unique genetic consitution?

Answer 8

genotype

Question 9

The Phenotype consists of ____ traits as well as ____ and ____ traits.

Answer 9

physical
mental
behavioral

Question 10

DNA consists of ____ complementary ____ of a ____ backbone connected by ____ ____ and organized into a ____ ____ .

Answer 10

two
strands
nucleotide
base pairs
double helix

Question 11

G ____
C ____
A ____
T ____

Answer 11

Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine

Question 12

____ and ____ DNA compromises the cell’s ____ .

Answer 12

twisted
folded
chromosomes

Question 13

Every cell in the body has the individual’s genetic complement found in the ____ (except for ____, which are ____ and are sex chromosomes).

Answer 13

nucleus
gametes
haploid

Question 14

Do mitochondria contain DNA? If so, what?

Answer 14

Yes. Maternal lineage

Question 15

DNA ____ for ____.

Answer 15

codes

traits

Question 16

What are proteins that regulate the majority of biochemical reactions in the body by acting as rate-limiting catalysts for chemical reactions?

Answer 16

Enzymes

Question 17

A ____ is a particular sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein .

Answer 17

gene

Question 18

The unique sequence of base pairs found in one’s DNA is expressed as ____ ____ .

Answer 18

phenotypic traits

Question 19

The process where DNA forms the template for the creation of RNA is what?

Answer 19

transcription

Question 20

What process entails separation of the two strands of the DNA double helix?

Answer 20

Transcription

Question 21

The one strand of the DNA is used to replicate a new complementary strand assembling an ____ molecule, but a different set of ____ is used.

Answer 21

RNA

bases

Question 22

This single-stranded ____ molecule “of ____ “ means that it rather than ____ is used to create ____ .

Answer 22

RNA
action
DNA
proteins

Question 23

The RNA (or mRNA) is read by an intracellular organelle the ____ through the process of ____ .

Answer 23

ribosome

translation

Question 24

The ribosome runs down the RNA like a zipper making notes of ____ of ____ .

Answer 24

triplets of bases

Question 25

Each triplet codes for a specific ____ ____ , which is grabbed from the cell’s ____ and attached to other ____ ____ .

Answer 25

amino acids
cytoplasm
amino acids

Question 26

As the ribosome proceeds down the mRNA, the amino acid sequence gives rise to the assembly of specific ____ .

Answer 26

proteins

Question 27

Proteins consists of ____ molecules.

Answer 27

structural

Question 28

Proteins also are of a ____ type in the form of ____ .

Answer 28

regulatory

enzymes

Question 29

The psychobiological perspective is one that is ____ , ____ , and ____ in its theoretical perspectives and ____ .

Answer 29

holistic
integrative
synthetic
methodology