Chapter 3: Functional Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What is a highly organized set of structures that are further organized on several different levels?
The brain
How many pounds is the brain?
Three pounds
What basic survival functions are processed by what 3 places that are commonly called the brain stem?
Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain
What is the outer covering that wraps around the brain stem?
Cerebral cortex
Oldest structure and moving ____ and going toward more recently evolved structures is you’re moving ___
Caudal
Rostrally
Frontal lobe of the cortex is the most ___ part of the brain
Rostral
The occipital cortex isn’t he most ___ part of the brain
Caudal
___ ___ is when the left and right sides of the brain and spinal cord are mirror images of each other.
bilateral symmetry
How the hemispheres communicate:
The brain has ___ . These are connection points between the hemispheres that consists of ___ running left and right. The ___ ___ is the biggest of the three commissures of the brain. The other two are the ___ commissure (located inferior to the anterior end of the corpus) and the ___ ___. All three commissures are depicted nicely in a cut down through the line diving the left and right ___ . Another way for neurons to connect across hemisphere is for neurons to ___ (cross over the midline) to the opposite side. Neurons that decussate are referred to as ___ projections; pathways that connect two structures in the same hemisphere or side of the body are called ___ projections.
commissures axons corpus callossum anterior massa intermedia hemispheres decussate contralateral ipsilateral
___ = far away
___ = close
___ = along your axis
___ = off the midline
distal
proximal
midline
lateral
Neuronal pathways project to or from the CNS. Pathways that originate in the CNS but project out to the periphery of the body are ___ ; pathways that come from the periphery and ___ (project to and make connections with) the CNS are ___ .
efferents
innervate
afferents
The ___ is the bony encasement containing your brain. It maintains the ___ of the brain and provides a hard protective helmet. ___ and ___ ___ travel into and out of the cranium so the body and brain can communicate. This is done by passageways. The holes are known as ___ (singular: ___ ). These are located in the back of the ___ , in the ___ canal, and in various locations on the face. The big one is known as the ___ ___ where the spinal cord and brain connect.
cranium shape nerves blood vessels foramina foramen orbits auditory foramen magnum
___ represent where the bony plates of the cranium fused together during fetal development.
sutures
Soft spot is where three sutures come together?
fontanelle
Humans have seven ___ ,twelve ___ , five ___ , and three to four ___ vertebrae.
cervical thoracic lumbar sacral caudal
