Chapter 1 pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

In the first eight amendments, there are _____ individual rights set out.

A

23

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2
Q

It was not until the twentieth century that the provisions of the ____________ were applied to actions of state governments, through a process referred to as _________.

A

Bill of Rights

Incorporation

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3
Q

What 1833 Supreme Court case expressly held that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government.

A

Barron v. Baltimore

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4
Q

What amendment forbids states from denying citizens due process of law or equal protection under the law.

A

Fourteenth Amendment

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5
Q

_______ means that the justices interpreted the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment.

A

Incorporation

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6
Q

__________ __________ simply means the power of the court, specifically judges, to examine a law and determine whether it is constitutional.

A

Judicial review

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7
Q

Is judicial review a judge made law?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What case established the authority of the United States Supreme Court to engage in judicial review of the acts of the other branches of government?

A

Marbury v. Madison

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9
Q

What involves the legal authority of a court to hear a case?

A

Jurisdiction

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10
Q

What involves the authority of the court over the person?

A

Personal Jurisdiction

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11
Q

What involves the authority conferred on a court to hear a particular type of case? _______ ________ Jurisdiction.

A

Subject matter jurisdiction

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12
Q

What refers to the authority of courts to hear cases that arise within specified boundaries, such as a city, county, state, or country.

A

Geographic jurisdiction

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13
Q

What involves the division of responsibilities and functions among the various courts.

A

Hierarchical jurisdiction

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14
Q

What means that a court has the authority to hear a variety of cases; is is not limited to hearing only a particular type of case.

A

General jurisdiction

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15
Q

What means that a court has authority to hear particular types of cases.

A

Limited Jurisdiction

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16
Q

What refers to the power of the court to hear the case initially.

A

Original Jurisdiction

17
Q

A suit between two states would start at what level?

A

Supreme Court

18
Q

What refers to the power of the court to review a decision of a lower court?

A

Appellate jurisdiction

19
Q

What type of error is one that is serious enough to require reversal?

A

reversible error

20
Q

What error will not result in the reversal of a case?

A

Harmless error

21
Q

What type of error is one that did not deprive the defendant of a fair trial or affect the outcome of the case?

A

Harmless error

22
Q

There are essentially two court systems in the United States:
1.
2.

A
  1. the court systems of the fifty states

2. the federal court system

23
Q

What act established Supreme Court membership at six justices and created three federal circuit courts and thirteen district courts, one in each state.

A

Judiciary Act of 1789

24
Q

What courts are created under the authority of Article Three of the Constitution?

A

Article 3 Courts