Chapter 1: Psychology is a way of thinking Flashcards
empiricism
involves using evidence from the senses or from instruments that assist the senses as the basis for conclusions
the theory-data-cycle
scientists collect data to test, change, or update their theories
cupboard theory
states that a mother is valuable to a baby mammal because she is a source of food
contact-comfort theory
states that babies are attached to their mothers due to the warmth and fuzziness mothers emit
pre-registered hypothesis
after the study is designed but before colecting the data, the researcher publicly states what the study’s outcomes should be
theory
a set of statements that describe general principles about how variables relate to one another
data
set of observations which either support or challenge the theory
falsifiability
a good theory should lead to a hypothesis that when tested could fail to support the theory
universalism
scientific claims are evaluated according to their merit, independent of the researcher’s credentials or reputation
communality
scientific knowledge is created by a community and its findings belong to the community
disinterestedness
scientists strive to discover the truth, whatever it is, they are not swayed by idealism, conviction, politics, or profit
organized scepticism
scientists question everything, including their own theories
basic research
aims to enhance the general knowledge on a particular topic
applied research
is done with a practical problem in mind and the researchers conduct their work in a local, real-world context
translational research
using lessons from basic research to develop and test applications to healthcare, psychotherapy, or other forms of treatment and interventions
- the bridge between basic and applied research
