Chapter 1: Psychology Is A Science

Question 1

Psychodynamic perspective

Answer 1

It’s the study of the unconscious mind
Key person: Sigmund Freud

Question 2

Behavioral Psychology

Answer 2

Watson and Skinner

Question 3

Humanistic perspective

Answer 3

It’s the perspective on the growth potential that individuals are capable of and their need for love and acceptance.
Key person(s): Maslow and Roger’s

Question 4

What is neuroscience?

Answer 4

How our body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences.

Question 5

What is the Biopsychosocial Approach?

Answer 5

Integrates different but complementary views which are biological, psychological, and sociological.

Question 6

What is the Principal of Dual processing?

Answer 6

Mind processes at the same time on two tracks the unconscious and conscious track

Question 7

What are the Two Tracks of Dual processing?

Answer 7

Visual perception: enables an individual to think about the world.
Visual action: guides an individual to think about their moment to moment actions .

Question 8

What is Positive Psychology?

Answer 8

Scientific study of human functioning whose goal is to discover and promote strengths and virtues. Happiness is a by-product of experiencing a pleasant life.

Question 9

What are flaws in common sense thinking?

Answer 9

1. Hindsight bias.
2. Overconfidence.
3. Perceiving patterns in random events.

Question 10

What are the Scientific Methods?

Answer 10

1. Theory.
2. Hypothesis.
3. Operational definition.
4. Replication.
5. Preregistration.

Question 11

What is a Theory?

Answer 11

Explanation using principles that organize observations and predict behavior or event. Can bias one’s observations.

Question 12

What is a Hypothesis?

Answer 12

Testable prediction.

Question 13

What is Operational definition?

Answer 13

Carefully worded statement of exact procedures.

Question 14

What happens in Replication?

Answer 14

They assign different participants in different situations. This confirms findings and allows researches to correct and refine their knowledge.

Question 15

What is a Good theory?

Answer 15

1. Effectively organizes observations.
2. Enables replications.
3. Leads to predictions that anyone can use to check the theory or create practical replications of it.

Question 16

What are Three Ways to Test a Hypothesis?

Answer 16

1. Descriptive methods ( case study, survey, natural observations)
2. Experimental methods ( manipulate factors to discover effects)
3. Correlation methods (connection between two variables or more)

Question 17

Positive correlation

Answer 17

0 to +1.00

Question 18

Negative correlation

Answer 18

0 to -1.00

Question 19

What is the Random assignment experiment? (Groups)

Answer 19

Separating individuals into two groups. Experimental and Control groups which allows the judgment of the effect of the experiment.

Question 20

What is the importance of factoring other variables in an experiment?

Answer 20

Researches randomly assigned to control other factors. Helps researchers observe the possibility of effects of one or more factors.

Question 21

What is the double blind procedure?

Answer 21

This is the experiment when both the research staff and the participants don’t know who received the placebo or the treatment. This helps eliminate bias and helps remove placebo effect and see if the treatment is effective or not.

Question 22

What is the independent variable?

Answer 22

It is the factor that is manipulated.

Question 23

What is the confounding variable?

Answer 23

Other factors that can influence a study’s result.

Question 24

Predicting every day behavior:

Answer 24

Focuses less on specific behaviors and focuses more on general principles that can help explain many behaviors.

Question 25

What are the ethics in psychology?

Answer 25

1. Informed consent.
2. Confidentiality.
   3.Participant welfare.
3. Debriefing.