Chapter 1: Psychology Is A Science Flashcards
Psychodynamic perspective
It’s the study of the unconscious mind
Key person: Sigmund Freud
Behavioral Psychology
Watson and Skinner
Humanistic perspective
It’s the perspective on the growth potential that individuals are capable of and their need for love and acceptance.
Key person(s): Maslow and Roger’s
What is neuroscience?
How our body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences.
What is the Biopsychosocial Approach?
Integrates different but complementary views which are biological, psychological, and sociological.
What is the Principal of Dual processing?
Mind processes at the same time on two tracks the unconscious and conscious track
What are the Two Tracks of Dual processing?
Visual perception: enables an individual to think about the world.
Visual action: guides an individual to think about their moment to moment actions .
What is Positive Psychology?
Scientific study of human functioning whose goal is to discover and promote strengths and virtues. Happiness is a by-product of experiencing a pleasant life.
What are flaws in common sense thinking?
- Hindsight bias.
- Overconfidence.
- Perceiving patterns in random events.
What are the Scientific Methods?
- Theory.
- Hypothesis.
- Operational definition.
- Replication.
- Preregistration.
What is a Theory?
Explanation using principles that organize observations and predict behavior or event. Can bias one’s observations.
What is a Hypothesis?
Testable prediction.
What is Operational definition?
Carefully worded statement of exact procedures.
What happens in Replication?
They assign different participants in different situations. This confirms findings and allows researches to correct and refine their knowledge.
What is a Good theory?
- Effectively organizes observations.
- Enables replications.
- Leads to predictions that anyone can use to check the theory or create practical replications of it.
What are Three Ways to Test a Hypothesis?
- Descriptive methods ( case study, survey, natural observations)
- Experimental methods ( manipulate factors to discover effects)
- Correlation methods (connection between two variables or more)
Positive correlation
0 to +1.00
Negative correlation
0 to -1.00
What is the Random assignment experiment? (Groups)
Separating individuals into two groups. Experimental and Control groups which allows the judgment of the effect of the experiment.
What is the importance of factoring other variables in an experiment?
Researches randomly assigned to control other factors. Helps researchers observe the possibility of effects of one or more factors.
What is the double blind procedure?
This is the experiment when both the research staff and the participants don’t know who received the placebo or the treatment. This helps eliminate bias and helps remove placebo effect and see if the treatment is effective or not.
What is the independent variable?
It is the factor that is manipulated.
What is the confounding variable?
Other factors that can influence a study’s result.
Predicting every day behavior:
Focuses less on specific behaviors and focuses more on general principles that can help explain many behaviors.
What are the ethics in psychology?
- Informed consent.
- Confidentiality.
3.Participant welfare. - Debriefing.
