Chapter 1 - Principles Of Life Flashcards
An organism
Is either a prokaryote or eukaryote
A cell
Is the fundamental unit of life
Oceans were a good environment for early organisms because they
Partially shielded organisms from damage due to ultraviolet light
Oxygen Gas in earths early atmosphere
Allowed organisms to move from the sea to land
Photosynthesis indirectly permitted the evolution of
Cellular respiration
In terms of increasing complexity, the order of parts of a multicellular organism is
Molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
A community differs from a population in that a community
Consists of populations of different species
Genomes are
The sum of genetic information in a cell
Nearly all of the cells in a multicellular organism
Contain the same genome
Which item affects the outcomes of natural selection
Organisms must display variation, a trait must be able to be passed on to future generations, a trait must increase survival, I trade must increase reproduction
Plants show remarkable Diversity even though they were derived from a common ancestor. Which factor contributed to this diversity
Sexual selection
Which statement represents a scientific point of view
Comparing the genomes of organisms allows us to create phylogenetic trees
Scientific explanations for a natural phenomenon
Do not referred to religious or spiritual explanations
Earth is approximately how many years old
4 to 5,000,000,000
Biology’s big ideas
Energy transfer, information, evolution, complexity
positive feedback
occurs when a product of the system speeds up an earlier process. Tends to destabilize a system.
negative feedback
occurs when a product of a system slows down an earlier process. Stabilizes the amount of product.
monomers of nucleic acids
nucleotides
CHONP
monomers of proteins
amino acids
CHON
monomers of carbohydrates
monosaccarides
CHO
monomers of lipids
fatty acids and glycerol
CHO
catabolism
to take apart, destroy
anabolism
build up EX: Anabolic steroids
prokaryote
organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus, no membrane bound organelles.
homeostasis
dynamic maintenance of optimal state
Central dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA makes RNA (transcription), RNA makes proteins (translation) .
aerobic metabolism
set of chemical reactions that releases energy from molecules by using O2.
Anaerobic metabolism
A set of reactions that extracts energy without using O2.
