Chapter 1 - Primary Units of Form Flashcards
What is a motive?
A motive is a short harmonic, melodic or rhythmic fragment or figure from which a theme, melody or entire composition is developed.
What is a sequence?
A sequence is the extension of a motive on different scale degrees. It may be an exact or modified duplication involving melody, rhythm or harmony, separately or together.
How is structural balance realized in music?
Structural balance is realized through the repetition (unity) and contrast of material (variety).
What is a phrase?
A phrase is the basic unit of form that expresses a musical though or idea.
What is a cadence?
A cadence is the end of a phrase, from the Latin word cadere, to fall. It refers to the falling inflection of the voice at the end of a sentence.
How many measures are in the most common musical phrase?
Four.
What is a harmonic cadence?
A harmonic cadence is a progression of (at least) two chords that concludes a phrase, section or piece of music.
What is a rhythmic cadence?
A rhythmic cadence is a characteristic rhythmic pattern that indicates the end of a phrase
What is a perfect authentic cadence?
The roots of both chords are in the bass, and the tonic is in the highest voice of the final chord. A perfect authentic cadence is a progression from V to I in major keys, and V to i in minor keys. This is generally the strongest type of cadence and often found at structurally defining moments.
What is a half cadence?
Half cadence (“imperfect cadence” or semicadence): any cadence ending on V, whether preceded by V of V, ii, IV, or I — or any other chord. Because it sounds incomplete or suspended, the half cadence is considered a weak cadence that calls for continuation.
What is a plagal cadence?
A cadence moving IV to I, also known as the “Amen Cadence” because of its frequent setting to the text “Amen” in hymns.
What is a period?
The period form consists of two phrases. The first (antecedent) closes on an incomplete cadence (a half cadence or imperfect cadence) and the second (consequent) closes on a complete cadence (usually authentic or plagal).
What is a phase group?
A phase group usually consists of three phases, the first two ending on incomplete cadences and the last one on a complete cadence.
What is a double period?
A double period contains four phrases: the first three ending on a half cadence or some other incomplete cadence and the final one closing on a complete cadence. The distinguishing feature is that the second phrase usually ends on a half cadence.
