Chapter 1 pp Flashcards
All of the chemistry and biomolecules we have discussed to this point are necessary but
insufficient on their own to support life.
cell theory?
all organisms are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms Cells come only from preexisting cells because cells are self-reproducing
the first cell formed about
3.8 billion years ago
how did the first cell come?
organic molecules
macromolecules
phospholipid bilayer
formed a protocell
when was the structure of DNA found? by who
April 1953
Drs. James Watson and
Francis Crick
when was the Human Genome Project
determined? what did it determine?
April 2003, determined the entire DNA
sequence of a human
(3 billion letters)
\_\_\_in basic cell structure and function indicates that all cells on earth today are descended from an ancient ancestral cell
Unity
small cells, not large cells, are likely to have an adequate _____ for exchanging wastes
for nutrients.
surface area
3 main events of the evolution of cells?
Common prokaryotic ancestor gave rise to bacteria and archaea ~3.5 bya
Eukaryotes arose ~2.7bya, apparently from a fusion between bacterial and archaeal cells.
Multicellular plants, animals and fungi developed from protists ~1- 2bya
____ as a group are one of the most abundant and diverse life-forms on earth
Prokaryotes
____ are the most well known
and studied prokaryotic cells
bacteria
Bacteria are found nearly EVERYWHERE on Earth
-Estimated to be over ___
5 billion trillion trillion organisms
what kind of diseases do bacteria cause?
Cause of serious disease
- such as tuberculosis,
anthrax, tetanus and
throat infections
Bacteria are also important to the environment because they
decompose the remains of dead organisms and contribute to ecological cycles.
eukarya have a ___ compared to prokaryotes that do not
cytoskeleton
eukaryotes are more restricted in their ____
than prokaryotes
metabolism, – only use
photosynthesis and/or cellular respiration.
eukaryotes undergo cell division by
(mitosis or meiosis)
very differently from prokaryotes (binary
fission).
ONLY eukaryotes can get together and
form
multicellular organisms.
