Chapter 1 phychology Flashcards
Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals.
behavior
Our private inner experience of perceptions thoughts, memories, and feelings.
mind
The philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn
Nativism
The philosophical view that all knowledge is acquired through experience
Philosophical empiricism
A now defunct theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics, ran ding from memory to the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions of the brain
Phrenology
The study of biological processes, especially in the human body
Physiology
Sensory input from the environment
Stimulus
The amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus
Reaction time
A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind
Consciousness
The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind
Structuralism
The subjective observation of one’s own experience
Introspection
He study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment
Functionalism
A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences.
Hysteria
Signing Freud’s approach to understanding human behavior that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental process in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
Psychoanalytic theory
A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders.
Psychoanalysis
An approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes te positive potential of human beings.
Humanistic psychology
An action or physiological change elicited by a stimulus
response
He consequences of a behavior that determine whether it will be more likely that the behavior will occur again
Reinforcement
An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves it the scientific study of objectively observable behavior
Behaviorism
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Errors if perception, memory, or judgement in Which subjective experience differs from objective reality .
Illusion
The mind impose organization on what it perceives, so people don’t see what the experiment actually show a them
Gestalt psychology
The scientific study if mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning
Cognitive psychology
Links psychological process to activities in the nervous system And other bodily process
Behavioral neuroscience
Mises’ maze
The field that attempts to understand the links btw cognitive process and brain activity
Cognitive neuroscience
To explain mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection
Evolutionary psychology
The cause Nd consequences of interpersonal behavior
Social psychology
The study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their member
Cultural psychology
When a neutral stimulus produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response.
Classical conditioning
Something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organism
ただヨダレでる
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
A reflexive reaction that is reliably produced by an unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response (UR) Food
A stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response in an organism
Conditioned stimulus (CS) Sound of buzzers
A reaction that caused by a sounds of the buzzer
Conditioned response (CR)
Conditioning where the stimulus that functions as the US is actually the CS from an earlier procedure in which it acquired its ability to produce learning
Second-order conditioning
The gradual elimination of a learned response that occurs when the US is no longer presented
extinction
The tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period
spontaneous recovery
CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the original one used during acquisition
generalization
The capacity to distinguish btw similar but distinct stimuli
Discrimination
A propensity for learning particular kinds of associations over others,
Preparedness
