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Phychogy > Chap 2: Neuro Science > Flashcards

Chap 2: Neuro Science Flashcards

0
Q

The part of a neuron that receives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body

A

Dendrite

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1
Q

Cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing task.

A

Neurons

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2
Q

The part of a neuron that coordinates information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive.

A

Cell body

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3
Q

The part of a neuron that transmits information to other neurons, muscles, or glands

A

Axon

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4
Q

An insulating layer of fatty materials.

A

Myelin sheath

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5
Q

Support cells found in the nervous system.

A

Glial cells

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6
Q

How many cells are in a person’a brain ?

A

100 billion cells

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7
Q

The junction btw the axon of one neuron and the den tribes or cell body of another.

A

Synapse

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8
Q

(Major three types of neuron )

Receives information from external world and convey this info to the brain via special cord

A

Sensory neurons

Ex touch sound taste smell

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9
Q

(Three types of neuron )

Carrying signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement.

A

Motor neurons

Loopoong spinal neuron !!

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10
Q

(There types of neuron)

Connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons.

A

Interneurons

Doing sole tasks, complexed tasks

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11
Q

Assemble of dendrites
Interneurons
Pass into the cell parts of brain.

A

The purkinje cell of cerebellum

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12
Q

Single long dendrite among many smaller dendrites.

In the cortex

A

Hippocampal pyramidal cell

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13
Q

Sensory neuron
Found in retinas of the eyes
Single axon and a single dendrite
In the eye

A

Bipolar cells

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14
Q

The difference in electric change btw the inside and outside if a neurons’ sell membrane.

  • 70 millivolt (when electricity is ceased)
  • 52 millivolt (when electricity is activated.)
A

Resting potential

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15
Q

An electric signal that is conducted along a neurons’ axon to a synapse.

A

Action potential

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16
Q

The time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated.

A

Refractory period

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17
Q

Knoblike structures that branch out from an axon.

A

Terminal buttons

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18
Q

Chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neurons’ dendrites

A

Neurotransmitters

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19
Q

Cell membrane that receive the neuro transmitter

A

Receptors

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20
Q

How can be the Neurotransmitters stopped relaying to ?

Two ways

A

1: reuptake occurs
2: they are destroyed by enzymes I. The synapse (enzyme deactivation
)

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21
Q

(Types of Neurotransmitters)
Involved in a number of function, including voluntary motor control.
Found in heart
If people lucked, a petal may have severe memory impairments.

A

Acetylcholine

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22
Q

To regulate motor behavior, motivation, pleasure, and emotional arousal.

Large amount of dopamine: schizophrenia
Low amount: parkinson

A

Dopamine

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23
Q

A major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in information transmission throughout the brain

Too much glutamate: overstimulation the brain , causing seizures(hossa). over active.

A

Glutamate

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24
Q

The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Stopping the firing neuron.
Too little GABA cause overactive.

A

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

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25
Q

A neurotransmitter that influences mood and arousal.

Vigilance(警戒)

A

Norepinephrine

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26
Q

Involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating, and aggressive behavior.

A

Serotonin

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27
Q

Chemicals that act within the pain pathways and emotion centers of the brain.

Endurance
Runners’ high

A

Endorphins

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28
Q

Drugs increasing the action of Neurotransmitters

A

Agonist

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29
Q

Drugs increase the production of neurotransmitters

A

L-dopa

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30
Q

Drugs increase the release of Neurotransmitters

A

Amphetamine

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31
Q

Drug bind to autoreceptors and block their inhibitory effect

A

Clonidine (for high blood pressure)

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32
Q

Drugs bind to postsynaptic receptors and activate then or increase the neurotransmitter effect

A

Nicotine

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33
Q

Drugs that block the function of neurotransmitter

A

Antagonist

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34
Q

Drugs block the production of Neurotransmitters

A

AMPT

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35
Q

Drugs cause depletion of Neurotransmitters in vesicles

A

Reserpine

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36
Q

Drugs block the release of Neurotransmitters

A

Botulinum toxin

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37
Q

Drugs activate auto receptors so that they inhibit release of Neurotransmitters

A

Caffeine

38
Q

Drugs bind to postsynaptic receptors and block neurotransmitter binding

A

Propranolol(beta-blocker)

Haldol (antipsychotic drug)

39
Q

A interacting network of neurons that conveys electrochemical information throughout the body

A

Nervous system

40
Q

The part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

41
Q

The part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system y the body’s organs and muscles

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

42
Q

A drug to reduce the ability to recognize the expression if fear

A

Cocaine

43
Q

A drug blocking serotonin and making them stay longer in synapse
For patient suffering from clinical depression

A

Prozac

44
Q

To obstruct a receptor site.

Heart rate slowdown

A

Propranalol

45
Q

A set of nerves that information into and out of the central nervous system.
Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

A

Somatic nervous system

46
Q

Australia set is nerves that carries involuntary and automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs, and glands.

A

Automatic nerves system(ANS)

47
Q

A set of nerves that prepares the body for action in threatening situation.
(Arousing)

A

Sympathetic nervous system

48
Q

A set of nerves that helps the body return to a normal resting state.
(Calming )

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

49
Q

Simple pathways in the nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contraction.

A

spinal reflex

50
Q

The nervous system which is composed of the spinal cord and the brain.

A

The central nervous system

51
Q

What is the major divisions of the brain ? (three parts)

A

Forebrain,Midbrain, Hindbrain

52
Q

An area of the brain that coordinate information coming into and out of the spinal cord.
Ex: alterness, motor

A

hindbrain

53
Q

(Four function of the hindbrain )
Extension of the spinal cord.
Ex: heart rate, circulation, respiration

A

Medulla

首の方に伸びる長いやつの、二番目のコブ

54
Q

(Four function of the hindbrain)

To regulate sleep, wakefulness, and level of arousal

A

Reticular formation

首に伸びるやつの、芯のとこ

55
Q

(Four function of the hindbrain )

To control fine motor skills. Orchestrate the proper sequence movements when we ride a bike.

A

Cerebellum

小脳

56
Q

(Four function of the hindbrain )
A structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain.
Bridge

A

Pons

57
Q

(Two function of the midbrain )
Involved in movement and arousal.
Helping to orient an organism toward sensory stimuli.

A

Tegmentum

ひらぺったいほう

58
Q

(Two function of the midbrain )
Orienting an organism in the environment.
Receiving stimuli from the eyes, ears and skin.
静かな部屋で時計の音が気になるやつ

A

Tectum

ぶどうみたいの

59
Q

(Seven functions of the forebrain)

The outermost layer of the brain , visible to the naked eye, and divided into two hemispheres.

A

Cerebral cortex

表面

60
Q

Areas of the forebrain housed under the cerebral cortex near the very corner of the brain.

A

Subcortical structures
脳のめちゃ中心
丸いツヤツヤしたやつとかのやつ

61
Q

(Five functions Of Subcortical structures)
A function which relays and filters information from the senses and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex.
Receives input all the major sense expect smell.

A

Thalamus

寝てるとき情報が入るのを遮断する

62
Q

(Five functions Of Subcortical structure )

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst and sexual behavior.

A

Hypothalamus

裏にあるやつ

63
Q

(Five functions Of Subcortical structure )
The “master gland” if the body!s hormone-producing system, hunch release hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body.

A

Pituitary gland

64
Q

Part a group of forebrain structures including the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and the hippocampus which are involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory.

A

Lambic system

65
Q

Critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in order parts if the cerebral cortex.

A

Hippocampus

Imomushi

66
Q

Plays a central role in many emotional processes, particularly the formation of emotional memories.

Especially fear

A

Amygdala

Armando

67
Q

(Subcortical area )

A set of Subcortical structures that directs intentional movement.

A

Basal ganglia

68
Q

(Cerebral cortex)
To connect large areas of the cerebral cortex on each side of the brain and supports communication of information across the hemisphere.

A

Corpus callosum

69
Q

(Cerebral cortex)
Process visual information
On the back of cerebral cortex

A

Occipital lobe

70
Q

(Cerebral cortex)
Processing information about touch
Middle of cerebral cortex

A

Parietal lobe

71
Q

Responsible for hearing and language.

Ears, a speech and words.

A

Temporal lobe

Side of cerebral cortex

72
Q

(Cerebral cortex)
Specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgment.
Including motor cortex
Thinking, imagining, planning and anticipating.

A

Frontal lobe I

73
Q

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex.

A

Association areas

74
Q

Standards if DNA would around each other in a double-helix configuration

A

Chromosome

75
Q

A measure of the variability of behavioral traits among individuals that can be accounted for by genetic factors

A

Heritability

76
Q

The unit of hereditary transmission

A

Gene

77
Q

Strand of DNA would around each other in double-helix configuration

A

Chromosomes

78
Q

A measure of the variability of behavioral traits among individuals that can be accounted for by genetic factors

A

Heritability

79
Q

A device used to record electrical activity in the brain

A

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

80
Q

A scanner rotates a device around a person’s head and takes a series of X-ray photograph

A

CT scan

81
Q

A scanner using powerful magnetic pulse and recording how the pulse is absorbed in the brain.

A

MRI

82
Q

A scanner using no hurtful radiation and injecting into the blood, and seeing the flow.

A

PET

83
Q

Three points of fMRI

A

1: fMRI does not require any exposure to radiation.
2: fMRI dan localize changes in brain activity across briefer periods than PET

84
Q

The perceptual experience of one sense that is evoked by another sense.

A

synesthesia

Nachan

85
Q

Simple stimulation of a sense organ

Light m, sound , smell etc

A

Sensation

86
Q

The organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation I order to form a mental representation

A

Perception

87
Q

What takes place when many sensors I the body convert physical signals from the environment into encoded neural signals sent to the central nervous system m.

A

Transduction

88
Q

Methods that measure the strength of a stimulus and the observer’s sensitivity to that stimulus.

A

Phychophysics

89
Q

The minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus

A

Absolute threshold

90
Q

The minimal change in a stimulus that can just barely be detected

A

Just noticeable difference (JND)

91
Q

The just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion dispute variations in intensity

A

Weber’s law

Weight is about 2-3%

92
Q

An observation that the response to a stimulus depends both on a person’a sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person’s response criterion

A

Signal detection theory

93
Q

Sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions.
音になれる、光になれる

A

Sensory adaptation

Phychogy (6 decks)

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