Chap6:Memory Flashcards
Memories can again become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled.
Reconsolidation
A process by which memories become stable in the brain.
Consolidation
T/F
Once a memory is consolidated, it will never been forgotten.
F
Every time it is retrieved, it should be consolidated.
The inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store.
Anterograde amnesia
The inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or operation.
Retrograde amnesia
Where is the area for storing new long- term memories ?
Hippocampus
A process whereby communication across the synapse btw neurons strengthens the connection, making further communication easier.
Long- term potentiation LTP
Influencing the flow of information btw neurons by controlling the initiation of LTP in most hippocampal pathways.
NMDA receptor
What should be happen when NMDA become activate ?
1: glutamate should be released from presynaptic neuron.
2: excitation should take place in postsynaptic neuron. I’m
External lib formation that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind.
Retrieval cue
A retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was initially encoded.
the encoding specificity principle
Ex: environment, words, smell, etc
The tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval.
State-dependent retrieval
Ex: to remember aA story when you are sad.
Memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when the encoding context of the situations match.
Transfer-appropriate processing
Ex: “what was the ward that rhymed with train ? “のやつ
TF
The more study, our memory will be stringer.
F
See p235
Vocabulary test and further study
Retrieval of the items produce a much bigger benefit
a process by which retrieving an item from long-term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items.
Retrieval-induced forgetting
Ask question, remember the answer, and people forget things except what they were asked.
Which part of brain do we use when we try to retrieve information that was presented to them earlier ?
Left frontal lobe
Which part of brain do we use when we successfully retrieve a past experience ?
Hippocampal region
Also accompany another part. If we try to remember the sound, we use auditory cortex.
When people consciously or intentionally retrieve past experiences.
Explicit memory
Ex: I remember when…< explicit memory :P
Past experiences influence later behavior and performance, even though people are not trying to recollect them and are not aware that they are remembering them.
Implicit memory
Ex: Greg’s persistent father’a death.
The gradual acquisitions of skill as a result of practice or “knowing how” to do things.
Procedural memory
Ex: riding bicycle…
Related to outside of hippocampal area
An enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a resent exposure to the stimulus.
Priming (!implicit memory !! )
Ex: fill-in-the -blank test
Which part is used whole priming is going on ?
In various version of the cortex. With reduced activity.
A network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world.
Semantic memory
Ex: why do we celebrate 12/25 ?
The collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.
Ex: Memories on Christmas when we are child
Episodic memory
Is hippocampus necessary for acquiring new semantic memories ?
No
Forgetting what occurs with the passage of time.
Transience
Earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later.
Proactive interference
Ex 久しぶりに自転車違うとこに止めたのに、いつも置いたとこに取りに行っちゃう
Later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier.
Retroactive interference
Ex: 記憶の書き換え、火曜がくると月曜のことを思い出せない
A lapse in attention that results in memory failure.
Absent-mindedness
Caused by luck of attention.
Which part of brain is used when pearled attention is devised ?
Lower left frontal lobe
TF
Greater activity in the lower left frontal region during encoding is associated with better memory.
True.
T/F
Divided attention leads to less hippocampal involvement in encoding.
T
Remembering to do things in the future . Failures of this are major source of absentmindedness.
Prospective memory
Tip-of-the-tongue experience.
A failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it.
Blocking
Assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source.
Memory misattribution
Recall of when,where,and how information was acquired.
Source memory
A feeling of familiarity about something that hasn’t been encountered before.
Everyday deja vu experience
False recognition
deja vu
The tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollection.
Suggestibility
The distorting influences of pleasant knowledge beliefs,and feelings on recollection of previous experience
Bias
The intrusive recollection of event that we wish we could forget.
persistence
Detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events
Flashbulb memories
