Chapter 1 - Parts of Speech Flashcards
What are the 9 parts of speech?
- Nouns
- Pronouns
- Adjectives
- Verbs
- Adverb
- Prepositions
- Conjunctions
- Interjections
- Articles
What are the type of nouns?
Common and Proper
Concrete and Abstract
Countable and Non-Countable
What are Pronouns?
A word that takes the place of a noun. Like a noun, it can be the subject or the object of a sentence.
Pronouns come in several cases
What are adjectives and the two types?
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
Descriptive adjectives describe.
Quantifying adjectives are for countable nouns/pronouns.
Concrete vs. Abstract Nouns
Nouns are said to be concrete if they represent things you can see and touch.
Window, paper, finger, river.
Nouns are said to be abstract if they represent things you cannot see or touch. These words can be concepts, ideas, or qualities.
Meditation, honesty, carelessness.
Countable vs. Non-countable Nouns
Countable nouns can be counted.
Non-countable nouns cannot (e.g. water).
Do not put an indefinite article in front of a non-countable noun.
Common vs. Proper Nouns
Common nouns are nouns that are not names or titles.
Proper nouns are names or titles.
Every significant word of a proper noun must start with a capital letter.
What are the types of verbs and their function?
Action verbs tells us what it’s subject is doing and when the subject does it. Most verbs are action verbs.
A linking verb joins the subject of a sentence to one or more words that describe or identify the subject. (E.g. is, seemed, act, appear, be, am, are, was, were, become,look, taste, feel, grow).
A helping verb, or auxiliary verb is any verb used before the main verb. (Will, has been, may be)
What are modal auxiliary verbs?
Most common are forms of irregular verbs such as (do, have, be).
A modal auxiliary is a helping verb that comes before the main verb and expresses probability, obligation, or necessity Can, could, May, might, must, Shall, should, Will, would
What are adverbs?
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It often ends in -ly, but not always.
To test see if the adverb answers the question how? When? Or where?
Common adverbs are those of frequency (always, ever, often, sometimes) and those of degree (even, extremely, just, more, much, only, quite, too, very).
What are prepositions?
Is a (usually short) word that indicates time, place, or means. It is used to relate a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence. (About, before, without, toward, between, below)
The combination of the preposition and it’s noun/pronoun (the object of the preposition) is called a prepositional phrase.
What are conjunctions?
Is a word that joins or connects other words, phrases, or clauses.
Connecting 2 Words
Sooner OR later… blah blah
Connecting 2 Phrases
The story was on the radio AND in the news paper
Connecting 2 Clauses
Dinner was late BECAUSE I had to work late.
TIP!!
Since one word can have several meanings it is important to study the context in which a word is found.
The parent makes sacrifices FOR the children.
FOR is a preposition.
The parent made sacrifices, for the child needed a good education.
FOR is a conjunction meaning because.
Types of Conjunctions
Coordinating (and, but, not, or, for [meaning because], yet, so)
Subordinating (provides that, since [meaning because], unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, while)
Correlative Conjunctions (either…or, neither…nor, both…and, not only…but also)
Adverbial Conjunctions/Conjunctive Adverbs (To add an idea - furthermore, moreover, likewise.
To contrast - however, nevertheless.
To show a result - consequently, therefore.
To show an alternative - otherwise)
TIP!
Acronym FANBOYS for remembering coordinating functions.
For And Nor But Or Yet So
