Chapter 1 (Paradigm)

Question 1

Types of paradignms

Answer 1

Imperative
Object-oriented
Functional
Logic (declarative)

Question 2

What is imperative paradigm?

Answer 2

uses a sequence of statements to determine how to reach a certain goal.

Question 3

Examples of imperative languages?

Answer 3

Cobol, fortran, c, ada, perl

Question 4

What is object-oriented (OO) paradigm?

Answer 4

An oo program is a collection of objects that interact by passing messages that transform the state.

Question 5

Examples of oo languages?

Answer 5

Smalltalk, Java, c#, c++, python

Question 6

What is a functional paradigm?

Answer 6

Functional programming models a computation as a collection of mathematical functions.
Input = domain
Output = range
Functional languages are characterized by functional composition, recursion.

Question 7

Examples of functional languages?

Answer 7

Lisp, Scheme, ML, Haskell

Question 8

What is a logic paradigm?

Answer 8

Logic programming declares what outcome the program should accomplished

Question 9

When studying logic programming what do we encounter?

Answer 9

Programs as sets of constraints on a problem
Programs that achieve all possible solutions
Programs that are non deterministic
Prolog

Question 10

What are the levels of abstraction in computing?

Answer 10

Natural language,
Application area,
Programming language
Compiler/interpreter
User interface (IDE)
Operating system
Machine language

Question 11

What makes a successful language?

Answer 11

Simplicity and readability
Clarity about binding
Reliability
Support
Abstraction
Efficient implementation

Question 12

What is binding?

Answer 12

It is the association between an object and a property of that object

Question 13

Some examples of binding?

Answer 13

A variable and its type

A variable and its value

Question 14

What is an early binding?

Answer 14

Early binding takes place at compile-time

Question 15

What is a late binding?

Answer 15

Late binding takes place at run time

Question 16

When is language reliable?

Answer 16

Portable, goes on many platforms,
Type errors are detected
Semantic errors are properly trapped
Memory leaks are prevented

Question 17

What is orthogonality?

Answer 17

A language is orthogonal if its features are built upon a small, mutually independent set of primitive operations.

Question 18

What is an efficient implementation?

Answer 18

Embedded systems
Web applications
Corporate database applications
AI applications

Question 19

What is the difference between compiler and an interpreter?

Answer 19

Compiler - produces machine code

Interpreter - executes instructions on a vm.

Question 20

Some examples of compiled languages?
Some examples of interpreted languages?
A bit of both?

Answer 20

Compiled languages:
- Fortran, Cobol, C, C++
Interpreted languages
- Scheme, Haskell, Python
Hybrid
- JVM