Chapter 1: Overview of Genetics

Question 1

Human Genome Project

Answer 1

Aimed to decode our Genome- all of the DNA found within all of our chromosomes

Question 2

Genome definition:

Answer 2

Full set of chromosomes (all inheritable traits of an organism) DNA

Question 3

The completed sequence of the human genome was published in 2003

Answer 3

• Nearly 3 billion nucleotides

- accurarcy greater then 99.99%

Question 4

The study of the human genome provides fundamental molecular details about ourselves.

Answer 4

• how many genes we have
• how many cells develop into complex tissue
• how defective genes cause disease

Question 5

Human cells contains how many chromosomes

Answer 5

46 human chromosomes
Found in 23 pairs

-23 from male
23 from female

-2 meters of DNA

Question 6

Approximately 20,000 to 25,000 genes coding for proteins that perform most life functions

Answer 6

Approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs per set of chromosomes, containing bases A, T, G, and C

Question 7

Genetic technology

Which was used to understand genes and their functions

Answer 7

• DNA fingerprinting

- Mammalian cloning

Question 8

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 8

• not well- received at first

- now a common tool of forensic science

Question 9

Mammalian cloning

Answer 9

1997, Ian Wilmut and collegues cloned the first mammal, a sheep named Dolly

Question 10

Which animals have now been cloned

And which cloning was legislatively ban because of fear of using technology for them

Answer 10

Cows, mice, goats, pigs, and cats

human cloning is BAN

Question 11

Genetic technologies allow the modification of animals in various ways

Answer 11

For example, mice can be made to glow green

Question 12

How can mice glow green?

Answer 12

A jellyfish gene encoding a green fluorescent protein is introduced into lab mice

• upon exposure to ultraviolet light, the micr emit a bright green color

Question 13

Genetics is the study of_______?

Answer 13

Heredity and variation

• it is the unifying discipline in biology

Question 14

Genetics is centered in the study of genes

Answer 14

• Genes is a “UNIT” of heredity

- modern definition: is a segment of DNA that produces a functional product such as a polypeptide.

Question 15

Genes provide a blueprint that determines

Answer 15

the traits of an organism.

Traits are the CHARACTERISTICS of an organism

Question 16

Living cells are composed of biochemicals

Answer 16

• Nucleic acids
• proteins
• carbohydrates
• lipids

Small organic molecules
- and they are linked together by chemical bonds to form larger molecules

Question 17

Nucleic acid, proteins, and carbohydrates are termed

Answer 17

Macromolecules

• they are polymers constructed from smaller molecules called monomers

Question 18

Cellular structures form as a result of the interaction of

Answer 18

Molecules and macromolecules

Question 19

Nucleotide building blocks are used to make long strands of DNA,

Answer 19

Which associate with proteins and form chromosomes. The chromosomes are contained within the nucleus.