Chapter 1 - Overview Eating Patterns of Canadians Flashcards
health
a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity
physical health is what?
physical activity + nutrition
nutrition
a science that studies the interactions between living organisms and the food they consume
nutrients
chemical substances in foods that:
- provide energy
- give structure
- regulate body processes
what are the 6 classes of nutrients?
1) carbohydrates
2) fats and oils
3) proteins
4) vitamins
5) minerals
6) Water
we need _____ to fuel our activities
energy
Kilocalorie
the amount of heat needed to raise 1kg of water by 1 degree celcius
a unit of measurement sed to quantify the amount of energy in food that can be supplied to the body
Kilocalorie
macronutrients provide what?
energy
how much is needed of macronutrients?
Large amounts are needed in the body everyday
what are the 4 macronutrients?
carbs, fats, proteins, water
______ are our primary fuel source
carbohydrates
3 examples of simple carbohydrates?
table sugar, fruits, milk
2 examples of complex carbohydrates?
starches in grain products and vegetables
do we want to focus on simple or complex carbohydrates more?
complex
is fibre a simple or a complex carbohydrate?
complex
true or false: fibre provides energy
FALSE: fiber does not provide energy
another name for “fats and oils” is whaT?
lipids
true or false: lipids are the most energy dense
true
where are fats and oils stored?
adipose tissue
what is vital for fat-soluble vitamins?
oils and fats
if a lipid is a liquid it is_____ if it is a solid it is______
liquid = oil solid = fat
_____ support tissue growth, maintenance and repair
proteins
proteins are the only macronutrient to contain ____
nitrogen
proteins –> ____
amino acids
_____ makes up most of the human body
water
what percentage of our body is water?
62%
what percentage of our body is fat?
16%
what percentage of our body is protein?
16%
what percentage of our body is minerals, carbohydrates and other substances?
6%
does water provide Kcals?
no
5 functions of water
1) temperature regulation
2) waste removal
3) transport of nutrients
4) nerve impulses
5) muscle contractions
if something has 8 grams of fat, 20 grams of protein and 30 grams of carbohydrates, calculate the caloric content.
272 Kcalories
true or false: micronutrients don’t provide energy but are still important
true
micro = ____
small
list 5 minerals
sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and iron
non organic minerals do not contain what?
carbon (because they are elements on their own)
3 diseases in which nutrition plays some role
1) osteoporosis
2) osteoarthritis
3) some forms of cancer
4 diseases with a strong nutritional component
1) type 2 diabetes
2) heart disease
3) high blood pressure
4) obesity
5 diseases caused by nutritional deficiencies or toxicities
1) pellagra
2) scurvy
3) iron-deficiency anemia
4) other vitamin and mineral deficiencies
5) nutrient toxicities
malnutrition
too little or too much of one of more nutrients
what are the 2 types of malnutrition?
undernourishment and over nourishment
true or false: of the 10 leading causes of death in Canada, the top 3 are nutrition related
true (cancer, heart disease, stroke)
what percentage of canadian adults do not meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables?
50%
what percentage of canadian adults do not meet the recommended intake of milk and alternatives?
66%
what percentage of canadian adults do not meet the recommended intake of grain products
majority
what percentage of canadian adults do not meet the recommended intake of meat and alternatives
the only group for which canadians meet the recommended intake, though, overly processed meats, high in fat etc.
7 influences on food choices
1) availability
2) cultural and family background
3) social acceptability
4) personal preference
5) psychological and emotional factors
6) health concerns
7) media
