Chapter 1 - Organizational Behaviour & Management Flashcards
What is Organizational behaviour (OB) ?
The attitudes and behaviours of individuals and groups in organizations.
- Studying attitudes and behaviours
- Provides insights to affect, manage & change attitudes & behaviour.
- How external events to the organization can affect attitudes and behaviours
Goals of Organizational Behaviour.
1- PREDICTING
2- EXPLAINING
3- MANAGING
Attitudes and behaviours.
History of Management
1- Classical Approach
2- Human Relations Approach
3- The contingency Approach
What is the Classical Approach?
Controlling and coordinating people
What is the human relations approach?
Being flexible and adaptable
What is the contingency approach?
Tailoring the approach to the situation and environment.
Performance =
“Ability X Motivation”
Some contemporary Management Concerns
1- Diversity
2- A positive work environment and employee well-being.
3- Talent Management and Employee Engagement
4- Corporate social responsibility
What is workplace spirituality?
Meaning, purpose, community.
- Job security, a sense of belonging, providing resources,
- Psychological capital (self-efficacy, optimism, resilience).
What is OB about?
Understanding people and managing them to work effectively.
Five steps of behaviour modelling training..
1- Describe a set of behaviours that must be learned
2- Provide a model displaying effectiveness of those behaviours
3- Provide opportunity
4- Provide feedback
5- Take steps to maximize the transfer of those behaviours the job.
3 key concepts of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)…
1- Observational learning (observe and immitate)
2- Self-efficacy beliefs
3- Self-Regulation
What is self-efficacy?
Beliefs people have about their ability to successfully perform a specific task.
What is Social Cognitive Theory?
Emphasizes the role of cognitive process in learning the regulation of peoples behaviours.
(People learn by observing others).
Two strategies that can reduce the probability of learned behaviour…
1- Extinction
2-Punishment
What is a positive reinforcer?
Positive feedback & a “pat on the back” for a job being well-done
What is performance feedback?
Providing quantatative or qualitative info on past performance for the purpose of changing or maintaining performance in a specific area.
What is behavioural plasticity?
People with low self-esteem tend to be more susestible to external & social influences.
What is self-monitoring?
The extent to how a person observes and regulates how he/she appears and behaves in social settings and relationships.
Main difference between internal and external forces?
Internal thinks that its about what you put in and external see the world as an unpredictable chancy place of luck, fate, etc.
Locus of control is…
A set of beliefs about whether ones behaviour is controlled mainly by internal or external forces.
What are the five-factor model of personality?
1- Extraversion 2- Emotional/stability neuroticism 3- Agreeableness 4- Conscientiouness 5- Openness to experience
What is proactive behaviour?
Taking initiative to improve current circumstances or creating new ones.
Define dispositional approach…
Individuals possess stable traits or characteristics that influence attitude and behaviour.
Define situational approach
characteristics of the work meeting influences peoples attitudes and behaviours. (rewards and punishment has an impact)
Define Interactionist Approach
To predict and understand organizational behaviour, one must know something about an individuals behaviour
What is trait activation theory?
Personality characteristics influence peoples behaviour when the situations calls for a specific personality characteristic.
Define positive and negative affectivity
Positive: View the world & themselves in a positive light (cheerful, enthusiastic, lively)
negative: Experiences negative emotions (anxiety)
