Chapter 1/ midterm study guide Flashcards
What are the 5 elements of music?
Sound, Harmony, Melody, Rhythm, Form
What is Sound?
Our general perception of the music
What is Harmony?
the quality of sound produced at any given moment by all parts of the music combined.
What is Melody?
a succession of single notes which is the principle part of the music at any given moment. Melodies are often sung with lyrics.
What is Rhythm?
Musics relationship to time through pulse.
What is form?
Music’s relationship to time through repetition of its other elements.
S.H.M.R.F.
Acronym for “The elements of music”
Who are the composers of music?
The Songwriter and Lyricist
What are Composers?
The people who create the elements of a song (its basic melody/lyrics, harmony,rhythm, and form)
What are Arrangers?/ what do they do
Arrangers are the people that write down the specific notes of a particular preformance.
What are Performers, and what do they do?
Performers play and infect the specific notes the Arrangers wrote.
Tin Pan Alley
Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. It can be argued that rock tried to destroy it.
What is the form employed in most commercial music from Tin Pan Alley?
AABA Form.
AABA Form
Focuses on repetition of a short, memorable section of music (A) with a brief change (B) or Bridge.
What is Bridge?
Musical material designed to separate repetitions of the main section of a song.
What is a Strophic Song?
Most “A” sections are strophes, or repetitions of the same musical material with different lyrics. Associated with AABA Form.
A Capella
Singing groups with no instrumental accompaniment, later joined by instruments.
What is Multi-track recording?
The ability to capture different parts of a song at different times. Originated in the “Tennessee Waltz” as a technological advancement.
What did the Tennessee Waltz by Patti Page inspire?
Cover versions of songs
What are cover versions?
The same musical composition performed or recorded by different musicians.
“Goodnight, Irene” recorded by the Weavers, who learned it from leadbelly (Huddie Ledbetter)
They marketed A cover song.
What does “Choo Choo Ch’Boogie” Incorporate?
Incorporates Twelve Bar Blues.
What is “Twelve Bar Blues”?
A set of harmonies/ chords built from the 1st, 4th, and 5th notes of western musical scales. The chord progression is usually in this order: I-I-I-I-IV-IV-I-I-V-IV-I-I with each roman numeral representing a chord that lasts 4 beats
What is so significant about “Love and Marriage” recorded by Frank Sinatra?
It was composed in AABA form.
What were the two primary ways people enjoyed music in the 19th century?
attending live performances by professionals, and preforming music themselves at home.
What is Payola?
Illegal practice of accepting bribes in exchange for heavy airplay
What is a cover?
The Practice of recording a song that has previously been recorded by another artist or group
Who is Alan Freed?
Famous DJ for playing and coining the term rock n roll, later taken off of radio for payola
Who holds the copyright?
The composer
Are arrangements and performances copyrightable? T Or F
F; Arrangements and Performances are not copyrightable.
What were the three parallel chart according to marketing and who were they for?
Separate but Equal paradox= R&B charts
(“colored”). Pop charts (“white”) and Single charts.
What was so important about singles charts?
They provided the most material for cover versions.
What did Buddy Holly do that was so innovative?
Used two lead guitars (lead and rhythm) which proved influential, and pioneered the use of double -tracking
Why did little richard stop making music and when?
He was called to ministry, and this happened in 1957
Why did Elvis stop making music for awhile, and when did this happen?
He was drafted into the army, and this happened in 1957.
What happened to Chuck Berry in 1959?
He was charged with violation of the Mann Act, because he drove across state lines to transport a new waitress (underaged) to his club.
What did 1960 bring renewed emphasis on?
songwriters as an independent craft.
T or F Songwriters and producers were sometimes the same person?
True