Chapter 1: Matter

Question 1

What is chemistry?

Answer 1

the study of matter, it’s properties and processes

Question 2

What is matter?

Answer 2

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 3

What are the states of matter?

Answer 3

solid, liquid, gas

Question 4

What are the properties of a solid?

Answer 4

rigid, shape, fixed volume, not compressible

Question 5

What are the properties of a liquid?

Answer 5

no shape, fixed volume, not compressible

Question 6

What are the properties of a gas?

Answer 6

no shape, no fixed volume, compressible

Question 7

What happens when you apply more pressure to a gas?

Answer 7

it decreases in volume

Question 8

atoms

Answer 8

building blocks of matter; single entities

Question 9

element

Answer 9

made of a unique atom, but can be multiple of that type of atom
ex: graphite and diamond

Question 10

compounds

Answer 10

made of atoms from 2 or more different elements

Question 11

monatomic

Answer 11

single atom

Question 12

diatomic

Answer 12

two atoms, but an element

Question 13

triatomic element

Answer 13

three atoms

Question 14

molecules

Answer 14

groups of atoms; ANYTHING with more than 1 atom

Question 15

Law of Constant Composition (Law of Definite Proportions)

Answer 15

a compound taken from any substance will always have the same number of atoms of each element

Question 16

Pure Substance

Answer 16

matter with distinct properties that do not vary from sample to sample
ex: atoms, molecules, elements

Question 17

what two categories do everything in the Universe fall in

Answer 17

matter and energy

Question 18

What are mixtures?

Answer 18

exhibit properties of its substances

Question 19

heterogenous mixture

Answer 19

vary in composition

ex: sand in water, you can see the different parts

Question 20

homogenous mixture/solution

Answer 20

same composition throughout

ex: a sodium chloride solution

Question 21

How do you classify matter?

Answer 21

1. Is it uniform throughout? - if no, a heterogeneous mixture
2. Does it have a variable composition? - if yes, homogenous mixture
3. Does it contain more than one kind of atom?
   if yes, it’s a compound!
   if no, it’s an element!

Question 22

What are physical properties of matter?

Answer 22

properties observed without changing a substance into another
ex: color, odor, density, melting/boiling point, hardness

Question 23

What are chemical properties?

Answer 23

Properties that can only be observed by changing a substance into another, aka changing atom connectivity.
ex: flammability

Question 24

What are intensive properties?

Answer 24

Properties that are independent of the mass/amount of matter

ex: density, boiling point, color

Question 25

What are extensive properties?

Answer 25

Properties that depend on the mass/amount of substance.

ex: mass, volume, energy

Question 26

What are physical changes?

Answer 26

Changes that do not change the chemistry.

ex: changes of state, temperature, volume

Question 27

What are chemical changes?

Answer 27

Changes the chemistry and makes a new substance

ex: combustion, oxidation, decomposition

Question 28

What things can sometimes help us tell that a chemical change has occurred?

Answer 28

Physical properties such as color, gas bubbles, change in temperature