Chapter 1: Matter Flashcards
What is chemistry?
the study of matter, it’s properties and processes
What is matter?
anything that has mass and takes up space
What are the states of matter?
solid, liquid, gas
What are the properties of a solid?
rigid, shape, fixed volume, not compressible
What are the properties of a liquid?
no shape, fixed volume, not compressible
What are the properties of a gas?
no shape, no fixed volume, compressible
What happens when you apply more pressure to a gas?
it decreases in volume
atoms
building blocks of matter; single entities
element
made of a unique atom, but can be multiple of that type of atom
ex: graphite and diamond
compounds
made of atoms from 2 or more different elements
monatomic
single atom
diatomic
two atoms, but an element
triatomic element
three atoms
molecules
groups of atoms; ANYTHING with more than 1 atom
Law of Constant Composition (Law of Definite Proportions)
a compound taken from any substance will always have the same number of atoms of each element
Pure Substance
matter with distinct properties that do not vary from sample to sample
ex: atoms, molecules, elements
what two categories do everything in the Universe fall in
matter and energy
What are mixtures?
exhibit properties of its substances
heterogenous mixture
vary in composition
ex: sand in water, you can see the different parts
homogenous mixture/solution
same composition throughout
ex: a sodium chloride solution
How do you classify matter?
- Is it uniform throughout? - if no, a heterogeneous mixture
- Does it have a variable composition? - if yes, homogenous mixture
- Does it contain more than one kind of atom?
if yes, it’s a compound!
if no, it’s an element!
What are physical properties of matter?
properties observed without changing a substance into another
ex: color, odor, density, melting/boiling point, hardness
What are chemical properties?
Properties that can only be observed by changing a substance into another, aka changing atom connectivity.
ex: flammability
What are intensive properties?
Properties that are independent of the mass/amount of matter
ex: density, boiling point, color
