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Philosophy > CHAPTER 1: Lesson 2 - Origins and Developments of Doing Philosophy > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1: Lesson 2 - Origins and Developments of Doing Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

to understand

A

apprehend

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2
Q

a set of ideas shared by a group of people

A

school of thought

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3
Q

something basic or fundamental component of an existent being

A

primordial

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4
Q

statement or a position about something that is open to verification and scrutiny

A

thesis

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5
Q

mindset that puts God or god as the center or focal point of all human actions

A

theocentric

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6
Q

living tradition; memory or the past, identity of the present, and guide into the future

A

philosophy

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7
Q

occidental/western world

A

western philosophy

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8
Q

refers to various schools of thought which were conceived and practiced in Europe and North America

A

Western philosophy

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9
Q

attempts to grasp universal explanation of things with the use of natural human reason alone

A

western philosophy

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10
Q

in western philosophy, this is seen as a discipline distinct from science and religion

A

philosophy

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11
Q

this is about individualism

A

western philosophy

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12
Q

one of the most enduring traditional western philosophies

A

dualism

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13
Q

idea of having two perpetually contradictory elements in one reality

A

dualism

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14
Q

has a predilection towards the individual person instead of the community

A

western philosophy

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15
Q

western philosophy traces its origin to the ancient Greek philosophers before the time of these three luminary figures of Greek philosophy

A

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

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16
Q

they concerned themselves about the nature of things in the world with the use of?

A

use of natural human reason alone

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17
Q

an intellectual activity that goes beyond sense perceptions, traditions and belief systems and proceeds to knowing the primordial substance of nature and the universe

A

Greek philosophy

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18
Q

some notable philosophers during the ancient philosophy era

A

Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes

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19
Q

he believed that the substance of nature is water

A

Thales

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20
Q

speculated that nature is composed of the infinite or apeiron

A

Anaximander

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21
Q

speculated that the earth is spherical and it is afloat in the vast universe

A

Anaximander

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22
Q

postulated that air serves as the substance of nature

A

Anaximenes

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23
Q

emphasized contemplation

A

Pythagoras

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24
Q

integral element of doing philosophy

A

contemplation

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25
Q

coined the term philosophy

A

Pythagoras

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26
Q

formulated the Pythagorean Theorem and the use of numbers to explain things in the universe

A

Pythagoras

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27
Q

likened nature into fire that is constantly changing

A

Heraclitus

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28
Q

he said that “one cannot step on the same river twice”

A

Heraclitus

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29
Q

for him, change is the only permanent thing in this world

A

Heraclitus

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30
Q

contradicted Heraclitus by saying that change in the world is an illusion and the permanent thing in this world is being

A

Parmenides

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31
Q

according to Parmenides, the permanent thing in this world is

A

being

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32
Q

who postulated that the substance of nature is atom

A

Anaxagoras

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33
Q

intellectual process to scrutinize information to arrive at the truth

A

socratic method

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34
Q

this involves prices of forwarding a thesis against an anti-thesis

A

socratic method

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35
Q

contradiction of ideas results in new realization of idea called

A

synthesis

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36
Q

early form of dialectics

A

synthesis

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37
Q

introduced early motion of dualism (matter and form)

A

Plato

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38
Q

borrowed motion of matter and form and put them into a different and more realistic hue

A

Aristotle

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39
Q

developed the systematic way of correct thinking/logic and correct way of acting/ethics

A

Aristotle

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40
Q

persisted through Roman empire until collapsed

A

Greek philosophy

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41
Q

more on theology

A

Medieval philosophy

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42
Q

used to analyze nature of God and His relation to human being and rest of creation

A

Reason

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43
Q

uses authority through disputations to develop reasoned religious thought and doctrines

A

Medieval philosophy

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44
Q

recognized power manifested by her hierarchy and has put the state under her Dominion

A

church

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45
Q

towering figure of medieval philosophy and a theologian and philosopher

A

Thomas Aquinas

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46
Q

time between the collapse of Roman empire and Renaissance period

A

middle ages

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47
Q

leading religion and philosophy

A

Christianity

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48
Q

time when poverty, famine, plague, and superstition werea common experience

A

Medieval

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49
Q

he bridged the seeming gaps between or contradiction of philosophy and theology

A

Thomas Aquinas

50
Q

he utilized extensively the ideas of Aristotle

A

Thomas Aquinas

51
Q

Thomas Aquinas’ greatest work

A

Summa Theologiae

52
Q

era when Europe went into the process of rebirth

A

Renaissance

53
Q

put into motion the humanist movement of promoting the idea of human person as the center of universe

A

Modern Philosophy

54
Q

exemplary representative of modern philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

55
Q

approach akin to science

A

methodic doubt

56
Q

this is achieved through the use of the power of the rational component of the human being

A

measure of truth/indubitable truth

57
Q

theory that truth should be based on reason and knowledge instead of hairy and mere sense perceptions

A

rationalism

58
Q

father of modern philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

59
Q

philosophy which postulates the truth as that which is subject as verified by sense of experience

A

empiricism

60
Q

leading philosophers of empiricism

A

John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume

61
Q

rationalism and empiricism were synthesized by

A

Immanuel Kant

62
Q

postulated the notion of dialectical materialism

A

Karl Marx

63
Q

result of synthesis of the continual conflicting forces in society

A

social phenomena

64
Q

Western philosophy highlighted by professionalism or academic-based practice of philosophy

A

contemporary philosophy

65
Q

schools of thought of contemporary philosophy

A

logical positivism and analytic philosophy

66
Q

emphasized the practical use of knowledge

A

John Dewey

67
Q

John Dewey made this school of thought popular

A

pragmatism

68
Q

became popular during and after the world wars

A

existentialism

69
Q

States that the human being is condemned to be free

A

Jean Paul Sartre

70
Q

looks into the nature of a phenomenon from the subjective perspective of the individual

A

phenomenology

71
Q

he represented phenomenology

A

Edmund Husserl

72
Q

associated with its geographical locus of practice in mainland Europe

A

postmodern philosophy/continental philosophy

73
Q

promotes more subjective understanding of truth and harbors the multi-dimensional consideration of truth

A

continental philosophy

74
Q

philosophers who questioned the existence of an objective reality and moral values

A

Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault

75
Q

oriental/eastern world

A

eastern philosophy

76
Q

about collectivism; “we” and “us”

A

eastern philosophy

77
Q

no distinction between philosophy and religion

A

eastern philosophy

78
Q

all about harmony and unity

A

eastern philosophy

79
Q

highly regarded in forms of the exercise of prudence, fulfillment of social obligations, and living a life of moral righteousness

A

community relation

80
Q

common way of arriving at the truth in eastern philosophy

A

not seeking for truth but looking in and through the parts and establishing the unity of these with the truth

81
Q

oldest monotheistic religion

A

Judaism

82
Q

locus of practice of Judaism

A

Israel

83
Q

how do God revealed himself to the people

A

through prophets

84
Q

worshipping place in Judaism

A

synagogues

85
Q

spiritual leaders in Judaism

A

rabbis

86
Q

sacred texts of Judaism

A

Torah and TaNaK

87
Q

Indian religion with gods and goddesses

A

Hinduism

88
Q

three big gods of Hinduism

A

Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu

89
Q

continuous cycle of life, death and reincarnation

A

samsara

90
Q

universal law of cause and effect

A

karma

91
Q

life of good conduct and morality

A

dharma

92
Q

they venerate all animate beings

A

Hindus

93
Q

Hindus venerate these as a sacred animal

A

cow

94
Q

they are vegetarian and do not eat beef

A

Hindus

95
Q

Japanese indigenous religion

A

Shintoism

96
Q

in Shintoism, they worship ___

A

Kami

97
Q

spirits that manifest in animate and inanimate elements

A

Kami

98
Q

they have no sacred book but it thrives as a practice from generations to the next

A

Shintoism

99
Q

very important to realize purity in the human person

A

rituals and shrines

100
Q

emphasizes simple and harmonious life with nature and people

A

Shintoism

101
Q

Indian non-theistic religion

A

Jainism

102
Q

perceives the universe as eternal and never-ending

A

Jainism

103
Q

spiritual purity and enlightenment; disciplined non-violence

A

Jainism

104
Q

way of life founded by Siddhartha Gautama

A

Buddhism

105
Q

Buddha means..

A

the enlightened one

106
Q

believed in four noble truths

A

Buddhism

107
Q

Chinese philosophy founded by Confucius

A

Confucianism

108
Q

focuses on the order of society formed by transformed individuals

A

Confucianism

109
Q

three Confucian values:

A

filial piety, humanness and conduct of rituals

110
Q

where does transformation of individual comes from?

A

observing order of things and living put three Confucian values

111
Q

Chinese philosophy about unity and harmony of the opposing elements of nature yang-yin

A

Taoism

112
Q

cosmic force which flows through the yang and yin

A

Tao

113
Q

began with Prophet Muhammad

A

Islam

114
Q

sacred book of Islam

A

Quran

115
Q

supreme being of Islam

A

Allah

116
Q

second biggest monotheistic religion

A

Islam

117
Q

declare faith in Allah and prophet Muhammad

A

shahada

118
Q

pray five times

A

salat

119
Q

give charity

A

zakat

120
Q

fast during daylight hours and in Ramadan

A

sawm

121
Q

pilgrimage to Mecca

A

hajj

122
Q

God created everything and is present in everything

A

Sikhism

Philosophy (5 decks)

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