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Philosophy > CHAPTER 1: Lesson 2 - Origins and Developments of Doing Philosophy > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1: Lesson 2 - Origins and Developments of Doing Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

to understand

A

apprehend

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2
Q

a set of ideas shared by a group of people

A

school of thought

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3
Q

something basic or fundamental component of an existent being

A

primordial

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4
Q

statement or a position about something that is open to verification and scrutiny

A

thesis

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5
Q

mindset that puts God or god as the center or focal point of all human actions

A

theocentric

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6
Q

living tradition; memory or the past, identity of the present, and guide into the future

A

philosophy

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7
Q

occidental/western world

A

western philosophy

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8
Q

refers to various schools of thought which were conceived and practiced in Europe and North America

A

Western philosophy

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9
Q

attempts to grasp universal explanation of things with the use of natural human reason alone

A

western philosophy

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10
Q

in western philosophy, this is seen as a discipline distinct from science and religion

A

philosophy

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11
Q

this is about individualism

A

western philosophy

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12
Q

one of the most enduring traditional western philosophies

A

dualism

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13
Q

idea of having two perpetually contradictory elements in one reality

A

dualism

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14
Q

has a predilection towards the individual person instead of the community

A

western philosophy

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15
Q

western philosophy traces its origin to the ancient Greek philosophers before the time of these three luminary figures of Greek philosophy

A

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

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16
Q

they concerned themselves about the nature of things in the world with the use of?

A

use of natural human reason alone

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17
Q

an intellectual activity that goes beyond sense perceptions, traditions and belief systems and proceeds to knowing the primordial substance of nature and the universe

A

Greek philosophy

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18
Q

some notable philosophers during the ancient philosophy era

A

Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes

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19
Q

he believed that the substance of nature is water

A

Thales

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20
Q

speculated that nature is composed of the infinite or apeiron

A

Anaximander

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21
Q

speculated that the earth is spherical and it is afloat in the vast universe

A

Anaximander

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22
Q

postulated that air serves as the substance of nature

A

Anaximenes

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23
Q

emphasized contemplation

A

Pythagoras

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24
Q

integral element of doing philosophy

A

contemplation

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25
coined the term philosophy
Pythagoras
26
formulated the Pythagorean Theorem and the use of numbers to explain things in the universe
Pythagoras
27
likened nature into fire that is constantly changing
Heraclitus
28
he said that "one cannot step on the same river twice"
Heraclitus
29
for him, change is the only permanent thing in this world
Heraclitus
30
contradicted Heraclitus by saying that change in the world is an illusion and the permanent thing in this world is being
Parmenides
31
according to Parmenides, the permanent thing in this world is
being
32
who postulated that the substance of nature is atom
Anaxagoras
33
intellectual process to scrutinize information to arrive at the truth
socratic method
34
this involves prices of forwarding a thesis against an anti-thesis
socratic method
35
contradiction of ideas results in new realization of idea called
synthesis
36
early form of dialectics
synthesis
37
introduced early motion of dualism (matter and form)
Plato
38
borrowed motion of matter and form and put them into a different and more realistic hue
Aristotle
39
developed the systematic way of correct thinking/logic and correct way of acting/ethics
Aristotle
40
persisted through Roman empire until collapsed
Greek philosophy
41
more on theology
Medieval philosophy
42
used to analyze nature of God and His relation to human being and rest of creation
Reason
43
uses authority through disputations to develop reasoned religious thought and doctrines
Medieval philosophy
44
recognized power manifested by her hierarchy and has put the state under her Dominion
church
45
towering figure of medieval philosophy and a theologian and philosopher
Thomas Aquinas
46
time between the collapse of Roman empire and Renaissance period
middle ages
47
leading religion and philosophy
Christianity
48
time when poverty, famine, plague, and superstition werea common experience
Medieval
49
he bridged the seeming gaps between or contradiction of philosophy and theology
Thomas Aquinas
50
he utilized extensively the ideas of Aristotle
Thomas Aquinas
51
Thomas Aquinas' greatest work
Summa Theologiae
52
era when Europe went into the process of rebirth
Renaissance
53
put into motion the humanist movement of promoting the idea of human person as the center of universe
Modern Philosophy
54
exemplary representative of modern philosophy
Rene Descartes
55
approach akin to science
methodic doubt
56
this is achieved through the use of the power of the rational component of the human being
measure of truth/indubitable truth
57
theory that truth should be based on reason and knowledge instead of hairy and mere sense perceptions
rationalism
58
father of modern philosophy
Rene Descartes
59
philosophy which postulates the truth as that which is subject as verified by sense of experience
empiricism
60
leading philosophers of empiricism
John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume
61
rationalism and empiricism were synthesized by
Immanuel Kant
62
postulated the notion of dialectical materialism
Karl Marx
63
result of synthesis of the continual conflicting forces in society
social phenomena
64
Western philosophy highlighted by professionalism or academic-based practice of philosophy
contemporary philosophy
65
schools of thought of contemporary philosophy
logical positivism and analytic philosophy
66
emphasized the practical use of knowledge
John Dewey
67
John Dewey made this school of thought popular
pragmatism
68
became popular during and after the world wars
existentialism
69
States that the human being is condemned to be free
Jean Paul Sartre
70
looks into the nature of a phenomenon from the subjective perspective of the individual
phenomenology
71
he represented phenomenology
Edmund Husserl
72
associated with its geographical locus of practice in mainland Europe
postmodern philosophy/continental philosophy
73
promotes more subjective understanding of truth and harbors the multi-dimensional consideration of truth
continental philosophy
74
philosophers who questioned the existence of an objective reality and moral values
Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault
75
oriental/eastern world
eastern philosophy
76
about collectivism; "we" and "us"
eastern philosophy
77
no distinction between philosophy and religion
eastern philosophy
78
all about harmony and unity
eastern philosophy
79
highly regarded in forms of the exercise of prudence, fulfillment of social obligations, and living a life of moral righteousness
community relation
80
common way of arriving at the truth in eastern philosophy
not seeking for truth but looking in and through the parts and establishing the unity of these with the truth
81
oldest monotheistic religion
Judaism
82
locus of practice of Judaism
Israel
83
how do God revealed himself to the people
through prophets
84
worshipping place in Judaism
synagogues
85
spiritual leaders in Judaism
rabbis
86
sacred texts of Judaism
Torah and TaNaK
87
Indian religion with gods and goddesses
Hinduism
88
three big gods of Hinduism
Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu
89
continuous cycle of life, death and reincarnation
samsara
90
universal law of cause and effect
karma
91
life of good conduct and morality
dharma
92
they venerate all animate beings
Hindus
93
Hindus venerate these as a sacred animal
cow
94
they are vegetarian and do not eat beef
Hindus
95
Japanese indigenous religion
Shintoism
96
in Shintoism, they worship ___
Kami
97
spirits that manifest in animate and inanimate elements
Kami
98
they have no sacred book but it thrives as a practice from generations to the next
Shintoism
99
very important to realize purity in the human person
rituals and shrines
100
emphasizes simple and harmonious life with nature and people
Shintoism
101
Indian non-theistic religion
Jainism
102
perceives the universe as eternal and never-ending
Jainism
103
spiritual purity and enlightenment; disciplined non-violence
Jainism
104
way of life founded by Siddhartha Gautama
Buddhism
105
Buddha means..
the enlightened one
106
believed in four noble truths
Buddhism
107
Chinese philosophy founded by Confucius
Confucianism
108
focuses on the order of society formed by transformed individuals
Confucianism
109
three Confucian values:
filial piety, humanness and conduct of rituals
110
where does transformation of individual comes from?
observing order of things and living put three Confucian values
111
Chinese philosophy about unity and harmony of the opposing elements of nature yang-yin
Taoism
112
cosmic force which flows through the yang and yin
Tao
113
began with Prophet Muhammad
Islam
114
sacred book of Islam
Quran
115
supreme being of Islam
Allah
116
second biggest monotheistic religion
Islam
117
declare faith in Allah and prophet Muhammad
shahada
118
pray five times
salat
119
give charity
zakat
120
fast during daylight hours and in Ramadan
sawm
121
pilgrimage to Mecca
hajj
122
God created everything and is present in everything
Sikhism

Philosophy (5 decks)

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