Chapter 1 Key Terms

Question 1

Olympic lifts

Answer 1

clean, jerk, and snatch exercises

Question 2

Plyometrics

Answer 2

Exercises that use explosive movements to develop muscular power

Question 3

Genetics

Answer 3

the science of biological inheritance which contributes to the measurable components of physical fitness during a person’s lifespan and also helps to determine the potential capabilities of the body

Question 4

Tendonitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of a tendon

Question 5

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 5

An inflammatory condition caused by excessive wear on the plantar fascia (bottom of the foot).

Question 6

Ulnar nerve palsies

Answer 6

Paralysis caused by damage, compression, or trapping of the ulnar nerve

Question 7

Ischial bursitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of the bursa that separates the gluteus maximus from the underlying ischial uberosity

Question 8

Epicondylitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of the muscles and soft tissues around an epicondyle

Question 9

Hyperthermia

Answer 9

Unusually high body temperature

Question 10

Hypothermia

Answer 10

Abnormally low body temperature

Question 11

Hypoglycemia

Answer 11

An abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

Question 12

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 12

An acute, potentially fatal disease that destroys skeletal muscle and is often accompanied by the excretion of myoglobin in the urine

Question 13

Appositional growth

Answer 13

Growth by the addition of new layers on those previously formed. Characteristic of tissue formed of rigid materials

Question 14

Endochondral growth

Answer 14

Process of bone formation whereby a cartilage model is replaced by bone

Question 15

Epiphyseal plates

Answer 15

Transverse cartilage plate near the end of a child’s bone responsible for growth in length of the bone

Question 16

Bone mass

Answer 16

The volume of bone in the body measured by mineral count

Question 17

Bone mineral density

Answer 17

The mineral content in a given volume of bone, used as a a measure of bony health and in the diagnosis of osteoporosis

Question 18

Joint

Answer 18

A point of articulation between two or more bones, especially such a connection that allows motion

Question 19

Fibrous joints

Answer 19

Consists of two bones that are united by fibrous tissue and exhibit little or no movement

Question 20

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 20

Unites two bones by means of either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Question 21

Synovial joints

Answer 21

Contain synovial fluid and allow for a considerable movement between articulating bones

Question 22

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 22

A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx

Question 23

Fibrocartilage

Answer 23

Cartilage that allows for greater movement capabilities due to its flexible nature

Question 24

Articular discs

Answer 24

A plate or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule and separating the articular surfaces of the bones

Question 25

Joint capsule

Answer 25

A sac enclosing a joint, formed by an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane

Question 26

Periosteum

Answer 26

The dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints and serving as an attachment for muscles and tendons

Question 27

Ligaments

Answer 27

Tough fibrous band of connective tissue that supports internal organs and holds bones together properly in joints

Question 28

Tendons

Answer 28

A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

Question 29

Synovial membrane

Answer 29

a layer of connective tissue which lines the joint and produces synovial fluid

Question 30

Bursa

Answer 30

A bursa is a tiny fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body

Question 31

Hypermobility

Answer 31

Describes joints that stretch further than is normal

Question 32

Muscle fascia

Answer 32

Thickened connective tissue that envelops a muscle or a group of muscles

Question 33

Myofibrils

Answer 33

Thread-like fibrils that make up the contractile part of a striated muscle fiber

Question 34

Myofilaments

Answer 34

Filaments, made up of actin and myosin, that are the structural units of a myofibril

Question 35

Myosin

Answer 35

A contractile protein in muscle cells, responsible for the elastic and contractile properties of muscle. It is commonly referred to as the thick contractile protein

Question 36

Actin

Answer 36

A protein found in muscle that together with myosin functions in muscle contraction. It is commonly referred to as the thin contractile protein

Question 37

Lordosis

Answer 37

Anterior curvature of the spine, creating a swayback appearance

Question 38

Kyphosis

Answer 38

An abnormal convex (outward) curvature of the upper portion of the spinal column, sometimes called a hunchback

Question 39

Neutral spine

Answer 39

A spinal position that retains the three natural curves: small lordotic at the cervical, small kyphotic at the thoracic, and small lordotic at the lumbar

Question 40

Intervertebral disc

Answer 40

A fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between the vertebrae of the spinal column

Question 41

Anterior pelvic tilt

Answer 41

Anterior pelvic movement, originating from the lumoscacral joint and affecting he curvature of the spine

Question 42

Posterior pelvic tilt

Answer 42

A posterior pelvic movement, originating from the lumoscacral joint and affecting he curvature of the spine