Chapter 1 Introduction To Programming Flashcards
What is the central processing unit?
The CPU is the brain of the computer that uses instruction set architecture (ISA) to complete tasks.
What is the ALU?
The arithmetic and logic unit responsible for performing arithmetic calculations as well as logical operations.
What is the main memory?
The RAM is used to store data close to the CPU and has fast access to the hard disk to store executing programs or data being worked on.
What are some examples of secondary memory?
SSD, DVD, hard disk, etc.
What are the output devices and input devices? Give examples of each.
Input devices show on the computer like a mouse, while output devices are products of the operating system like a monitor or printer.
What is the evolution of programming languages?
Machine Language, Assembly Language Procedural Languages, Structured Programming, Object-Oriented Languages, Modern Programming Languages
What was machine language?
Written in binary.
What is assembly language?
Introduced mnemonic codes and symbol representations and they were translated into machine language user assemblers.
Procedural Languages
Emerging in the 1950s these languages provided a higher level of abstraction and founded loops and conditionals. Examples include Fortran and COBOL.
Structured Programming
Popularized in the 1970s, languages like Pascal and C emphasized the use of structured control flow to enhance program clarity, maintainability, and modularity.
Object-oriented Languages
Introduced in the 1980s these languages provided the concepts of objects and classes. OOP promotes encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. For representing real-world concepts.
Modern Programming Languages
Provide extensive libraries and read more like English.
What is the method of translating to machine code that is not compiling?
Interpreted languages are directly run on an interpreter.
Describe the process of translating anslating compiled languages.
A compiling program translates the source code into machine code and a linker program puts various object code files together to make an executable program.
What are the five steps of software develop?
Requirements Gathering, Design and Planning, Implementation and Coding, Testing and Quality Assurance, and Deployment and Maintenance
