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Clinical Parasitology > Chapter 1: Introduction to Parasitology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction to Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms that live on and obtain their nutrients from another organism.

A

Parasites

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2
Q

Transport carrier known as?

A

Vectors

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3
Q

The means by whereby a parasite gains entry into an unsuspecting host is referred to as?

A

Mode of transmission

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4
Q

What are the FOUR types of parasites?

A
  • Obligatory parasite
  • Facultative parasite
  • Endoparasite
  • Ectoparasite
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5
Q

A parasite that CANNOT SURVIVE outside of a host.

A

Obligatory parasite

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6
Q

A parasite that is capable of existing INDEPENDENTLY of a host.

A

Facultative parasite

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7
Q

A parasite that is established INSIDE of a host.

A

Endoparasite

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8
Q

A parasite that is established in or on the EXTERIOR/OUTSIDE surface of a host

A

Ectoparasite

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9
Q

What are the SIX types of hosts?

A
  • Accidental or incidental host
  • Definitive host
  • Intermediate host
  • Reservoir host
  • Transport host
  • Carrier
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10
Q

Host other than the normal one that is HARBORING A PARASITE.

A

Accidental or incidental host

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11
Q

Host in which the adult SEXUAL PHASE of parasite development occurs.

A

Definitive host

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12
Q

Host in which the larval ASEXUAL PHASE of parasite development occurs.

A

Intermediate host

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13
Q

Host harboring parasites that are PARASITIC FOR HUMAN and from which humans may become infected.

A

Reservoir host

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14
Q

Host responsible for TRANSFERING PARASITE from one location to another.

A

Transport host

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15
Q

Parasite-harboring host that is NOT EXHIBITING any clinical symptoms but can infect others.

A

Carrier

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16
Q

What are the SIX parasite-host relationship terms?

A
  • Symbiosis
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Parasitism
  • Commensal
  • Pathogenic
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17
Q

LIVING TOGETHER; the association of TWO LIVING ORGANISM, each of a different species.

A

Symbiosis

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18
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that is BENEFICIAL TO ONE and NEUTRAL TO THE OTHER.

A

Commensalism

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19
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that is BENEFICIAL TO BOTH.

A

Mutualism

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20
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that is BENEFICIAL TO ONE AT THE OTHER EXPENSE.

A

Parasitism

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21
Q

Relating to commensalism; the association between two different organisms in which
one benefits and has a NEUTRAL EFFECT ON THE OTHER.

A

Commensal

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22
Q

A parasite that has demonstrated the ABILITY TO CAUSE DISEASE.

A

Pathogenic

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23
Q

A mode of transmission, a morphologic form that INVADES HUMAN.

A

Infective stage

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24
Q

One (or more) forms that can be detected via the LABORATORY RETRIEVAL METHOD.

A

Diagnostic stage

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25
Q

Which of the following specimen types is most often submitted for parasite study?

A

Stool

26
Q

Symptoms Associated with Parasitic Disease Processes.

A

Diarrhea
Fever
Chills
Abdominal pain
Abdominal cramping
Elephantiasis
Anemia
Vitamin deficiency
Bowel obstruction
Edema
Enlargement of major organs
Skin lesions
Blindness

27
Q

Parasite Treatment Options

A

Antiparasitic medications
Change in diet
Vitamin supplements
Fluid replacement
Blood transfusion
Bed rest

28
Q

Parasite Prevention Control Strategies

A

Use of insecticides and other chemicals
Use of protective clothing
Use of protective netting
Proper water treatment
Good personal hygiene
Proper sanitation practices
Avoidance of unprotected sexual relations

29
Q

Newer Parasite Laboratory Diagnosis Techniques

A

Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)
Latex agglutination (LA)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Rapid immunochromatography technique

30
Q

QUIZ

The form of a parasite that ENTERS A HOST.

A

Infective stage

31
Q

QUIZ

Two organisms of different species LIVING TOGETHER

A

Symbiosis

32
Q

QUIZ

The official UNITS OF PARASITE measurement

A

Microns

33
Q

QUIZ

A parasite that CANNOT SURVIVE OUTSIDE its
host.

A

Obligatory parasite

34
Q

QUIZ

An insect that TRANSPORTS A PARASITE from an infected host to an uninfected host

A

Vector

35
Q

QUIZ

A parasite that lives on the OUTSIDE SURFACE of its host

A

Ectoparasite

36
Q

QUIZ

Parasite-harboring host that is NOT AFFECTED by its presence but can shed the parasite and infect others

A

Carrier

37
Q

QUIZ

A DESTRUCTIVE PROCESS that has characteristic symptoms

A

Disease

38
Q

QUIZ

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one BUT NEUTRAL TO ONE ANOTHER.

A

Commensalism

39
Q

QUIZ

A host is responsible for TRANSFERRING a parasite from one location to another

A

Transport host

40
Q

A parasitic disease may affect the entire body or
any of its parts. The major body areas associated
with such processes include.

A
  • Gastrointestinal (GI)
  • Urogenital (UG) tracts
  • Blood and tissue
  • Liver, lung, and other major organs
  • Miscellaneous locations, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), eye, skin, and extremities.
41
Q

An enlargement of areas such as the breast, leg, and scrotum caused by a parasite’s presence.

A

Elephantiasis

42
Q

What are some of the primary modes of
parasitic transmission?

A

Ingestion of contaminated food or drinks
Hand-to-mouth transfer
Insect bite
Entry via drilling through the skin
Unprotected sexual relations
Mouth-to-mouth contact
Droplet contamination
Eye contact with infected swimming water

43
Q

What are the two common phases of a
parasitic life cycle?

A
  1. It involves the route a parasite follows when in or on the human body.
  2. The route a parasite follows independently of the human body, provides crucial information pertinent to epidemiology, prevention, and control.
43
Q

Results when an infected individual becomes
his own direct source of infection

A

Autoinfection

44
Q

What are the three groups of clinically
significant parasites?

A

Protozoa
Helminths
Ectoparasites

45
Q

It is the most commonly submitted sample for such studies.

A

Stool

46
Q

SUSPICIOUS FORMS that visually resemble parasites in terms of size and morphology are commonly encountered and are often referred to as

A

Artifacts or confusers

47
Q

A single-celled eukaryotic animal known as a

A

Protozoa

48
Q

A member of the subkingdom

A

Metazoa

49
Q

Single-celled parasites

A

Protozoa

50
Q

Multicellular worms

A

Metazoa

51
Q

Arthropods (insects and their allies)

A

Animalia

52
Q

This traditional parasite recovery method, often referred to as an

A

Ova and parasites

53
Q

The escalation of disease caused by the
presence of parasites

A

Parasitic

54
Q

Populations at Risk for Contracting Parasites

A

Individuals in underdeveloped areas and countries
Refugees
Immigrants
Visitors from foreign countries
Individuals who are immunocompromised
Individuals living in close quarters (e.g., prisons)
Children who attend day care centers

55
Q

Others require an insect in vector through which a parasite is passed on to an uninfected host, most often via a blood meal (bite).

A

Arthropod

56
Q

The successful treatment of the infected patient
includes of

A
  1. Chemotherapeutic agents
  2. Surgical intervention
  3. Adequate nutrition to build up general resistance
57
Q

It is often used to denote such diseases or conditions.

A

-iasis

57
Q

Which of the following represent examples of available treatment therapies to combat parasitic infections?

A. Regulated exercise plan
B. Change in diet
C. Avoidance of vitamin supplements
D. More than one of these:

A

A & B

58
Q

The scientific names of parasites are written in
italics and consist of two components.

A

Genus & species

Clinical Parasitology (7 decks)

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