Chapter 1: Introduction to Parasitology Flashcards
Organisms that live on and obtain their nutrients from another organism.
Parasites
Transport carrier known as?
Vectors
The means by whereby a parasite gains entry into an unsuspecting host is referred to as?
Mode of transmission
What are the FOUR types of parasites?
- Obligatory parasite
- Facultative parasite
- Endoparasite
- Ectoparasite
A parasite that CANNOT SURVIVE outside of a host.
Obligatory parasite
A parasite that is capable of existing INDEPENDENTLY of a host.
Facultative parasite
A parasite that is established INSIDE of a host.
Endoparasite
A parasite that is established in or on the EXTERIOR/OUTSIDE surface of a host
Ectoparasite
What are the SIX types of hosts?
- Accidental or incidental host
- Definitive host
- Intermediate host
- Reservoir host
- Transport host
- Carrier
Host other than the normal one that is HARBORING A PARASITE.
Accidental or incidental host
Host in which the adult SEXUAL PHASE of parasite development occurs.
Definitive host
Host in which the larval ASEXUAL PHASE of parasite development occurs.
Intermediate host
Host harboring parasites that are PARASITIC FOR HUMAN and from which humans may become infected.
Reservoir host
Host responsible for TRANSFERING PARASITE from one location to another.
Transport host
Parasite-harboring host that is NOT EXHIBITING any clinical symptoms but can infect others.
Carrier
What are the SIX parasite-host relationship terms?
- Symbiosis
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
- Commensal
- Pathogenic
LIVING TOGETHER; the association of TWO LIVING ORGANISM, each of a different species.
Symbiosis
Association of two different species of organisms that is BENEFICIAL TO ONE and NEUTRAL TO THE OTHER.
Commensalism
Association of two different species of organisms that is BENEFICIAL TO BOTH.
Mutualism
Association of two different species of organisms that is BENEFICIAL TO ONE AT THE OTHER EXPENSE.
Parasitism
Relating to commensalism; the association between two different organisms in which
one benefits and has a NEUTRAL EFFECT ON THE OTHER.
Commensal
A parasite that has demonstrated the ABILITY TO CAUSE DISEASE.
Pathogenic
A mode of transmission, a morphologic form that INVADES HUMAN.
Infective stage
One (or more) forms that can be detected via the LABORATORY RETRIEVAL METHOD.
Diagnostic stage
Which of the following specimen types is most often submitted for parasite study?
Stool
Symptoms Associated with Parasitic Disease Processes.
Diarrhea
Fever
Chills
Abdominal pain
Abdominal cramping
Elephantiasis
Anemia
Vitamin deficiency
Bowel obstruction
Edema
Enlargement of major organs
Skin lesions
Blindness
Parasite Treatment Options
Antiparasitic medications
Change in diet
Vitamin supplements
Fluid replacement
Blood transfusion
Bed rest
Parasite Prevention Control Strategies
Use of insecticides and other chemicals
Use of protective clothing
Use of protective netting
Proper water treatment
Good personal hygiene
Proper sanitation practices
Avoidance of unprotected sexual relations
Newer Parasite Laboratory Diagnosis Techniques
Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)
Latex agglutination (LA)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Rapid immunochromatography technique
QUIZ
The form of a parasite that ENTERS A HOST.
Infective stage
QUIZ
Two organisms of different species LIVING TOGETHER
Symbiosis
QUIZ
The official UNITS OF PARASITE measurement
Microns
QUIZ
A parasite that CANNOT SURVIVE OUTSIDE its
host.
Obligatory parasite
QUIZ
An insect that TRANSPORTS A PARASITE from an infected host to an uninfected host
Vector
QUIZ
A parasite that lives on the OUTSIDE SURFACE of its host
Ectoparasite
QUIZ
Parasite-harboring host that is NOT AFFECTED by its presence but can shed the parasite and infect others
Carrier
QUIZ
A DESTRUCTIVE PROCESS that has characteristic symptoms
Disease
QUIZ
Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one BUT NEUTRAL TO ONE ANOTHER.
Commensalism
QUIZ
A host is responsible for TRANSFERRING a parasite from one location to another
Transport host
A parasitic disease may affect the entire body or
any of its parts. The major body areas associated
with such processes include.
- Gastrointestinal (GI)
- Urogenital (UG) tracts
- Blood and tissue
- Liver, lung, and other major organs
- Miscellaneous locations, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), eye, skin, and extremities.
An enlargement of areas such as the breast, leg, and scrotum caused by a parasite’s presence.
Elephantiasis
What are some of the primary modes of
parasitic transmission?
Ingestion of contaminated food or drinks
Hand-to-mouth transfer
Insect bite
Entry via drilling through the skin
Unprotected sexual relations
Mouth-to-mouth contact
Droplet contamination
Eye contact with infected swimming water
What are the two common phases of a
parasitic life cycle?
- It involves the route a parasite follows when in or on the human body.
- The route a parasite follows independently of the human body, provides crucial information pertinent to epidemiology, prevention, and control.
Results when an infected individual becomes
his own direct source of infection
Autoinfection
What are the three groups of clinically
significant parasites?
Protozoa
Helminths
Ectoparasites
It is the most commonly submitted sample for such studies.
Stool
SUSPICIOUS FORMS that visually resemble parasites in terms of size and morphology are commonly encountered and are often referred to as
Artifacts or confusers
A single-celled eukaryotic animal known as a
Protozoa
A member of the subkingdom
Metazoa
Single-celled parasites
Protozoa
Multicellular worms
Metazoa
Arthropods (insects and their allies)
Animalia
This traditional parasite recovery method, often referred to as an
Ova and parasites
The escalation of disease caused by the
presence of parasites
Parasitic
Populations at Risk for Contracting Parasites
Individuals in underdeveloped areas and countries
Refugees
Immigrants
Visitors from foreign countries
Individuals who are immunocompromised
Individuals living in close quarters (e.g., prisons)
Children who attend day care centers
Others require an insect in vector through which a parasite is passed on to an uninfected host, most often via a blood meal (bite).
Arthropod
The successful treatment of the infected patient
includes of
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Surgical intervention
- Adequate nutrition to build up general resistance
It is often used to denote such diseases or conditions.
-iasis
Which of the following represent examples of available treatment therapies to combat parasitic infections?
A. Regulated exercise plan
B. Change in diet
C. Avoidance of vitamin supplements
D. More than one of these:
A & B
The scientific names of parasites are written in
italics and consist of two components.
Genus & species
