Chapter 1: Introduction to group dynamics

Question 1

d: group

Answer 1

two or more individuals connected by and within social relationships

Question 2

what are the four basic types of groups?

Answer 2

Primary group, social group, collectives, social category

Question 3

d: primary group

Answer 3

small, personal, meaningful groups, for example family or close friend group

Question 4

d: social group

Answer 4

formal, goal-oriented groups, for example work groups

Question 5

d: collective

Answer 5

large aggregation that display similarities in action and/or outlook

Question 6

d: social category

Answer 6

members share some common attributes

Question 7

what distinguishes one group from another?

Answer 7

composition, boundaries, size, interaction, interdependence, structure, goals, origin, unity, entitativity

Question 8

d: entitativity

Answer 8

perception of “groupness”

Question 9

d: group dynamics

Answer 9

interpersonal processes that occur in and between groups over time

Question 10

name the different processes that are included in group dynamics

Answer 10

formative processes, influence processes, performance processes, conflict processes, contextual processes

Question 11

d: social capital

Answer 11

the amount of social connections/relationships and individual/group has that yields positive, productive benefits

Question 12

d: social identity

Answer 12

the memberships to a group that individuals use to create a sense of self

Question 13

d: stereotype

Answer 13

socially shared set of qualities, characteristics and behavioral expectations ascribed to a particular group or category of people

Question 14

d: social network

Answer 14

a set of interpersonally interconnected individuals or groups

Question 15

d: task interaction

Answer 15

the group members adjust themselves and their role in the group to, in the best way possible according to them, reach the common goal.

Question 16

d: relationship interaction

Answer 16

the group members adjust themselves and their actions in order to influence the strength of the emotional bonds with other group members, or to change the relationships nature, for example the power dynamic within the group

Question 17

d: interdependence

Answer 17

when one individual’s experiences, outcomes, thoughts, and feelings, are to some degree influenced by other people

Question 18

d: group structure

Answer 18

how the group is organized regarding the members, their interactions and their relations with one another.

Question 19

d: role

Answer 19

a set of behaviors, characteristics, and responsibilities expected of people who occupy a certain position within a group

Question 20

d: norm

Answer 20

a consensual and often implicit standard that describes what behaviors should and should not be performed in a given context

Question 21

There are planned and emergent groups. Name the two types of planned groups and explain what they are, and give examples of these groups.

Answer 21

Concocted groups: planned by individuals or authorities outside of the group. For example: military squad, flight crew.

Founded groups: planned by one or more individuals who remain within the group. For example: a study group, a small start-up company, a grassroots community action group.

Question 22

d: planned group

Answer 22

groups that are deliberately formed by its members or an external authority for some purpose. They tend to be task-focused and formal. They are founded (sv: grundade). There are clear limits to who is in and not in the group. There is no emotional depth in this type of group

Question 23

There are planned and emergent groups. Name the two types of emergent groups and explain what they are, and give examples of these groups.

Answer 23

Circumstantial groups: emergent, unplanned groups that arise when external, situational forces set the stage for people to join together, often temporarily , in a unified group. For example: a group of travelers stranded together when their bus breaks, a mob breaking shop windows.

Self-organizing groups: emerge when interacting individuals gradually align their activities in a cooperative system of interdependence. Examples: parties, surfers waiting for waves, drivers leaving a crowded parking lot through a single exit, a half dozen adolescents who hang out together.

Question 24

d: emergent groups

Answer 24

Groups that came into existence spontaneously when individuals join together in the same physical location or gradually over time as individuals find themselves repeatedly interacting with the same set of individuals. These groups are found (sv: hittade). Such groups often have unclear boundaries, for they allow members to come and go.

Question 25

d: group cohesion

Answer 25

The solidarity or unity of a group resulting from the development of strong and mutual bonds among members and group-level forces that unify the group, such as shared commitment to group goals and/or a feeling of pride and mutual loyalty shared by members of the group.

Question 26

d: fundamental attribution error

Answer 26

the tendency to overestimate the causal influence of dispositional factors while underemphasizing the causal influence of situational factors.